Eva Neumann

Entwicklung und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung von Vermeidung und Angst in Partnerschaften Der Bochumer Bindungsfragebogen (BoBi)

Zusammenfassung. Die deutsche Adaptation der „Experiences in Close Relationships“ (ECR) wird vorgestellt, der Bochumer Bindungsfragebogen (BoBi), ein Messinstrument zur Selbsteinschatzung der partnerschaftlichen Bindung entlang der beiden Dimensionen Vermeidung und Angst. Der BoBi wurde 435 Studierenden und 178 ambulanten Patienten einer psychosomatischen Klinik vorgegeben. Die zweifaktorielle Struktur des ECR konnte fur den BoBi bestatigt werden. Vergleiche der BoBi-Skalen mit weiteren Partnerschafts- und Personlichkeitsvariablen erbrachten, dass Vermeidung vor allem mit dem Fehlen von romantischer Liebe und geringerem Partnerschaftserfolg einhergeht, Angst ist durch besitzergreifende Liebe, ein Gefuhl der Verbundenheit mit dem Partner und geringes Selbstwertgefuhl gekennzeichnet. Dieses Ergebnismuster belegt die Konstruktvaliditat des BoBi. Der BoBi kann gleichermasen in Stichproben aus der Normalbevolkerung wie im klinischen Bereich eingesetzt werden. Studien mit dem BoBi konnen mit internationalen Studien mit dem ECR verglichen werden. Schlusselworter: Bindung, Partnerschaft, Vermeidung, Angst, Liebesstile Development and validation of scales for measuring avoidance and anxiety in romantic relationships – The Bochum Adult Attachment Questionnaire mmmm mmm m mm m

Ichbezogenheit versus Liebe in Paarbeziehungen

Zusammenfassung: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war, Zusammenhange zwischen partnerschaftlicher Bindung, Liebesstilen und Narzissmus als einem Personlichkeitsstil zu uberprufen. 45 Studenten und 60 Studentinnen wurden mit Hilfe standardisierter Messinstrumente befragt. Zunachst wurde uberpruft, ob sich die Dimensionen der partnerschaftlichen Bindung und die Liebesstile zu ubergeordneten Dimensionen des Erlebens in Paarbeziehungen zusammenfassen liesen. Drei Dimensionen wurden gefunden: Distanzierung vom Partner, Verunsicherung in der Beziehung und Orientierung an Gemeinschaft und Austausch. Anschliesend wurden Selbsteinschatzungen des Narzissmus zu diesen Dimensionen in Beziehung gesetzt. Narzissmus hing mit allen drei Dimensionen zusammen: Hoch Narzisstische tendierten zur Distanzierung vom Partner durch Untreue, zeigten Verunsicherung und Eifersucht und waren auf der Grundlage einer pragmatischen Einstellung stark austauschorientiert. Die Ergebnisse stutzen die These, dass Narzissmus mit verschiedenen Dimension...

[Attachment and somatoform disorders: low coherence and unresolved states of mind related to chronic pain].

Although attachment theory has become an influential approach used for the study of mental disorders, hitherto little has been known about the relation of attachment to somatoform disorders. In this study 15 patients with a somatoform pain disorder were compared with 15 non-clinical control participants. Attachment representations were measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Compared to the control group, the patient group describes parental behavior as less loving and more rejecting, expresses more anger towards the mother, shows more signs of unresolved loss and trauma, and their interviews are markedly less coherent. None of the patients is classified as secure; the majority falls within the unresolved category. The findings of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the often described adversities in the therapeutic alliance with these patients.

Student Evaluation Scale for Medical Courses with Simulations of the Doctor-Patient Interaction (SES-Sim).

Objective: Simulations of doctor-patient interactions have become a popular method for the training of medical skills, primarily communication skills. A new questionnaire for the measurement of students’ satisfaction with medical courses using this technique is presented, the Student Evaluation Scale for Medical Courses with Simulations of the Doctor-Patient Interaction (SES-Sim). Method: A set of items focusing on the course quality and the core elements of simulations was created and presented to 220 medical students who had been trained with this method. Results: Based on factor-analyses 18 items were selected for the final version of the scale, which represent five dimensions: learning success, actors, premises, tutors and students. The five dimensions are all significantly correlated with a 1-item-measure of the general satisfaction with the course. Conclusion: The SES-Sim enables tutors to assess in an economic way whether the course has met the students’ needs and what can be done better.

Attachment in romantic relationships and somatization.

Abstract Adult attachment representations have been considered to play a role in the development and treatment of somatizing behavior. In this study, the associations between the two attachment dimensions avoidance and anxiety and dimensions of psychopathology (somatization, depression, and general anxiety) were explored. The sample consists of 202 outpatients diagnosed with a somatoform disorder. Data were collected via self-report measures. A path analysis shows that the two attachment dimensions are not directly associated with somatization. There are, however, significant indirect associations between attachment and somatization mediated by depression and general anxiety, which are more pronounced for attachment anxiety than for attachment avoidance. The findings reveal that a low level of attachment security in romantic relationships, especially an anxious stance toward the partner, comes along with poor mental health, which in turn is related to a preoccupation with somatic complaints. Implications for the treatment of somatizing patients are discussed.

Recollections of Emotional Abuse and Neglect in Childhood as Risk Factors for Depressive Disorders and the Need for Psychotherapy in Adult Life

Abstract Theoretical and empirical works have pointed out that depression comes along with adverse interpersonal experiences in childhood and adult life. The purpose of this study was to explore whether past and current experiences differ in their relevance for depression. A clinical group of 80 psychotherapy patients diagnosed with a depressive disorder was contrasted with a control group of 111 nondepressed patients from somatic facilities. Child abuse, neglect, and adult attachment dimensions were measured with self-report scales. Depression was correlated with emotional abuse, neglect, and attachment anxiety. However, solely emotional abuse and neglect significantly predicted the probability to be in the group of depressed patients, whereas attachment anxiety did not contribute to this prediction. The findings reveal that childhood variables, namely, recollections of emotional traumas, are more closely associated with depression than representations of adult attachment bonds and therefore need special attention in the psychotherapeutic treatment of depressive disorders.

Emotional Abuse in Childhood and Attachment Anxiety in Adult Romantic Relationships as Predictors of Personality Disorders

ABSTRACT Personality disorders are characterized by interpersonal problems. These problems might arise not only in current, but also in past relationships. To test this hypothesis, recollections of abuse and neglect in childhood and representations of adult attachment to the romantic partner were related to dimensional ratings of the 10 DSM-5 personality disorders. Ultimately, 110 patients of a psychosomatic clinic took part in the study. All data were collected with self-report measures. Among the different types of child abuse and neglect, emotional abuse was shown to be most frequently correlated with personality disorders. Attachment dimensions avoidance and anxiety were both associated with personality disorders; anxiety, however, showed stronger correlations. The results reveal that personality disorders come along with enduring adversities in close relationships, mainly experiences of emotional abuse and attachment anxiety, starting in the family of origin and continuing in adult attachment bonds.