Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado

Dinâmica da comunidade e populações arbóreas da borda e interior de um remanescente florestal na Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, em um intervalo de cinco anos (1999-2004)

The dynamics of the tree community and 26 component populations was investigated in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in Piedade do Rio Grande, SE Brazil, based on surveys done in 1999 and 2004 in 30 400 m2 plots, 12 of which were located on the edge of the fragment and 18 in its interior. The purpose was to assess whether the tree community and populations (a) were stable in the period, and (b) showed a more accelerated dynamics on the fragment edge than in its interior. Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, its two sectors, diameter classes and tree populations. The stability hypotheses was rejected because, in both the edge and interior, mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates, gain rates of basal area surpassed loss rates, and size distributions changed, with declining density of smaller trees. These overall changes were possibly related to (a) ongoing long-lasting fragmentation effects, (b) a particular phase of a rhythmic forest cycle and, or (c) the alleged recent global acceleration of forest turnover due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere. The two sectors did differ in their turnover rates higher on the edge than in the forest interior, probably because of more abundant light at the edge, but also because tree populations of fast-growing pioneer and light-demanding species are more abundant at the edge.

Floristic and structural diagnosis of the tree component of a forest at Serra de São José, Tiradentes, Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil

ABSTRACT – (Floristic and structural diagnosis of the tree component of a forest at Serra de Sao Jose, Tiradentes, Minas Gerais State,Southeast Brazil). This work describes species composition and structure of the tree component of an area of lower to upper montaneseasonal semideciduous forest located at Serra de Sao Jose, Tiradentes, SE Brazil. Floristic and structural comparisons are mad e with 23other forest areas of the region using canonical correspondence analysis differentiating environmental and spatial variables. T he floristicanalyses indicated that, despite the transitional character between lower and upper montane forests, the tree flora of Serra de Sao Joseshowed stronger link than the former. Floristic and structural variation among the 24 forests was significantly related to alti tude, durationof the dry season and soil saturation of bases. Furthermore, a significant correlation was also found with spatial proximity of the areas. Key words : altitude, multivariate analysis, climate, Geostatistics, Semideciduous forest, soils

Florística, estrutura e características do solo de um fragmento de floresta paludosa no sudeste do Brasil

A survey of the tree community was conducted for an upland semideciduous riparian forest, located on the upper Rio Pardo, Santa Rita de Caldas, Minas Gerais (1156 to 1203 m altitude), in order to evaluate structural variation and environmental variables associated with the substrate. Density, basal area, tree size distribution and floristic composition were evaluated. In 25 10x40 m plots, all trees with dbh > 5 cm were sampled, topographical aspects were determined and soil samples were collected for chemical and textural analyses. A total of 2982 individuals from 50 families, 78 genera and 110 species were recorded. A sequence of three soil subgroups (Organosoil, Melanic Gleisoil and Haplic Gleisoil) was registered in a downstream direction. Floristic composition and structure the tree community was different from other swamp and alluvial forests of southern and southeastern Brazil, at lower altitudes. Canonical correspondence analysis detected a tree-species distribution gradient correlated mainly with clay content and elevation variation.

Spatial Pattern and Fine-Scale Genetic Structure Indicating Recent Colonization of the Palm Euterpe edulis in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Fragment

Rainforests worldwide are subject to increasing amounts of external pressure and degradation that dissect continuous species distributions into small and isolated fragments (Whitmore 1997). This spatial isolation and reduction of natural populations negatively affects the reproductive success of many tropical plants (Fuchs et al. 2003; Quesada et al. 2004). A reduction in the number of reproductive individuals in a population represents a decrease in the number of pollen/ovary donors and in the quantity of pollen deposited (Aizen and Feinsinger 1994). This may be accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of pollinators and selection for self-compatibility (Stephenson et al. 2000). Subsequently, such impacts can lead to

Caracterização ecológica de espécies arbóreas ocorrentes em ambientes de mata ciliar, como subsídio à recomposição de áreas alteradas nas cabeceiras do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The objective of this study was to verify the differences in the composition of the flora and of guilds of arbustive-arboreal communities of three areas of ciliary forest, in different forest succession stages. Fourty-six plots of 400 m 2 were allocated and all existent arboreal individuals inside the portions with diameter breast height (DBH) greater than or equal to 5cm were sampled. A total of 282 species, distributed in 140 genera and 61 families were identified. With regard to dispersal guilds, it was found that on average, the spread of sources of propagules of 72% of the species and 59% of the individuals was zoochorous, while 19% and 23%, respectively, was wind anemocoric, and 6% and 13%, respectively, was autochoric. The proportions of individuals per species and ecological group were, respectively, pioneers: 14.5% and 18%; climax demanding of light: 49.5% and 62.5%, and shade-tolerant: 36.5% and 21.5%. It was also verified that there was a significant increase in the importance of animal dispersed species and shade tolerant species with the maturity of forests, while the number of species that required light abiotically dispersed decreased significantly with the advancement of maturity.

Flutuações temporais nos padrões de distribuição diamétrica da comunidade arbóreo-arbustivo e de 15 populações em um fragmento florestal

Aiming to characterize possible fluctuations in the patterns of diametric distribution, the community and the populations of the 15 most abundant tree species in a fragment of semideciduous forest were analyzed in a five year interval (2000-2005). The diametric distribution of the community showed a high concentration in the smaller classes and accentuated reduction in the biggest classes (reverse-J-shape), for both surveys. The populations presented different patterns, randomly distributed in two groups. Group1, formed by species of smaller diameters and abundant in the sub-canopy, such as Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus and Mollinedia widgrenii, and also by pioneer species of high trees, Acacia polyphylla and Piptadenia gonoacantha followed the reverse-J-shape curve diametric distributions . All species of Group2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum,

Similaridade florística entre estratos da vegetação em quatro Florestas Estacionais Deciduais na bacia do Rio São Francisco

Resumo Este estudo descreveu e comparou a similaridade floristica de tres estratos de quatro fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Decidual. Os fragmentos estudados estao distribuidos na Bacia do Sao Francisco, tres em Minas Gerais e um na Bahia. A amostragem da vegetacao seguiu o protocolo da Rede de Parcelas Permanentes nos biomas Cerrado e Pantanal para os estratos arboreo, de arvoretas e juvenil. Foram contabilizadas a riqueza de especies e familias em cada area e estrato. A similaridade entre os estratos de cada area foi obtida por diagramas de Venn e indices de Jaccard e Czekanowski, ja para a analise da similaridade entre os fragmentos, em cada estrato, foram calculados apenas os dois indices. Os quatro fragmentos e os tres estratos apresentaram baixa relacao floristica, ou seja, baixo compartilhamento de especies. As diferencas entre os estratos podem ser reflexo de variacoes ambientais ao longo do tempo, assim como da capacidade de reproducao das especies dos estratos superiores. Ja as diferencas entre as areas devem-se a distribuicao geografica, que gera variacoes ambientais, as quais podem estar favorecendo a ocorrencia de especies adaptadas as condicoes de cada fragmento, contribuindo para uma composicao floristica diferenciada. Alem disso, os contatos vegetacionais (ecotonos) provavelmente tambem contribuiram para as diferencas floristicas observadas. Floristic similarity between strata of vegetation in four Deciduous Seasonal Forest in Sao Francisco River Abstract This study described and compared the floristic similarity in four Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragments, and assessed the floristic relations between the tree (adult), the treelet and the sapling stratum. The fragments studied are distributed in Minas Gerais State and in Bahia State, Brazil. The vegetation sampling method followed the protocol of the “Rede de Parcelas Permanentes nos biomas Cerrado e Pantanal” for the tree, treelet and sapling strata. The floristic similarity between the fragments was obtained based on Jaccard and Czekanowski indices. Besides the similarity indices, Venn diagrams were drawn for the strata within each area. The four fragments and the three strata of each fragment presented low degrees of species sharing. The floristic differences among the strata may be due to environmental variations throughout time as well as the reproductive capacity of the species differentiated among the years. Besides the geographic distance (neutral theory), the environmental variations between the areas and the vegetation contacts (ecotones) with other biomes may have favored the occurrence of species adapted to the conditions of each fragment, which contributed to the distinct floristic composition.

Germinação e Crescimento Inicial Entre Matrizes de Duas Espécies do Gênero Hymenaea

The Hymenaea genus belongs to the family Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinoideae with the common name jatoba. Approximately 25 species have been described in the genus Hymenaea and 13 of them are present in Brazil. Among them we can highlight the species Hymenaea martiana Hayne and Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. In literature, there are several studies dealing mainly the dormancy breakage and the seedling production, mainly with Hymenaea coubaril Linneaus, but these reviews per matrices are incipient. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the germination and seedling growth between species and between matrices of the Hymenaea martiana Hayne and Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus. Two experiments were conducted: the first evaluated the germination and the second the seedlings growth. The two species studied showed different behavior between germination and the seedling growth, with Hymenaea courbaril Linneaus showing the greatest average for both variables. However, this did not show phenotypic variability between matrices.

Soil Influences on Tree Species Distribution in a Rupestrian Cerrado Area

This study aimed to analyze relations between the distribution of tree species and variations in soil texture, fertility and organic matter levels in a rupestrian cerrado area located in Diamantina-MG. Individual trees with circumference at soil level (PC) ≥ 3 cm were sampled in 10 plots of 20x50m. Samples of surface soil (0.00-0.20 m of depth) were collected from each plot and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Through canonical correspondence analysis, Eremanthus incanus, Kielmeyera lathrophyton, Terminalia sp and Vochysia discolor show a stronger relation to higher potassium and remaining phosphorus levels; the species Xylopia sericea, Protium spruceanum and Protium heptaphyllum show a stronger relation to higher levels of organic matter and total cation exchange capacity; the species Roupala montana, Qualea grandiflora, and Erythroxylum suberosum grew uniformly in all plots. There is relation between species distribution and chemical and physical soil variables in the area.

Structural analysis of a fragmented area in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

The theory of landscape ecology applied to the methods of spatial analysis helps to understand changes in the structure of forest remnants. In view of this theory, the objective of the present study was to analyze the structure of a fragmented area between the years 1979 and 2015 through calculation of landscape metrics for arboreal, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation classes. Vegetation classes were classified with visits to the field, interpretation of aerial photographs from 1979 and supervised classification of Landsat 8 from 2015. The metrics calculated for each class were area and total number of fragments, total edge and average connectivity among the fragments. The analysis of structure found that it changed negatively due to an increase in the number of small fragments, which increased the intensity of edge effects and reduced connectivity between fragments for all classes.