Évelyne F. Vallières

The Academic Motivation Scale: A Measure of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivation in Education

A new measure of motivation toward education has been developed in French, namely the Echelle de Motivation en Education (EME). The EME is based on the tenets of self-determination theory and is composed of 28 items subdivided into seven sub-scales assessing three types of intrinsic motivation (intrinsic motivation to know, to accomplish things, and to experience stimulation), three types of extrinsic motivation (external, introjected, and identified regulation), and a motivation. The purpose of this investigation was to cross-culturally validate in English the EME. The EME was translated in English through appropriate methodological procedures and completed by university students. Results revealed that the English version of the scale renamed the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), has satisfactory levels of internal consistency (mean alpha value = .81) and temporal stability over a one-month period (mean test-retest correlation = .79). In addition, results of a confirmatory factor analysis (LISREL) confirmed the seven-factor structure of the AMS. Finally, gender differences obtained with the EME were basically replicated with the AMS. In sum, the present findings provide adequate support for the factorial validity and reliability of the AMS and support its use in educational research on motivation.

On the Assessment of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivation in Education: Evidence on the Concurrent and Construct Validity of the Academic Motivation Scale:

A new measure of motivation toward education has been developed in French, namely the Echelle de Motivation en Education (EME). The EME is based on the tenets of self-determination theory and is composed of seven subscales assessing three types of intrinsic motivation (intrinsic motivation to know, to accomplish

Traduction et Validation Canadienne-Française de L'échelle de L'estime de Soi de Rosenberg

Abstract Since the early days of psychology, the self-concept and more specifically global self-esteem has been addresscd by numerous researchers in the field. Among the widely used instruments for measuring global self-esteem, Rosenbergs Self-Esteem scale (RSE) has displayed high levels of validity and reliability (Harter 1983; Wylie 1974). Through a brief (10 items) and direct approach, the RSE can be answered quickly by different age and social groups. Considering the good psychometric properties of the RSE mentioned above, and the importance of self-esteem for research in psychology, the purpose of the present four studies was to translate and validate in French the RSE Internal consistency (study 1) and confirmatory factor analyses through LISREL VI (study 2) were conducted with a French-Canadian junior college student population in order to verify the internal consistency and the unidimensional factorial structure of the scale. In addition, the construct validity (study 3) and temporal stability (s...

Motivation and Gambling Involvement

It is argued that motivation is a key determinant of gambling involvement. The hypothesis--that participants who exhibit a high self-determined motivational profile (i.e., engage in gambling for fun and have a sense of choice) will report a higher degree of involvement--was supported in a study conducted in Canada, with 245 gamblers who bet on horses. Also, the male participants were more involved in gambling than the female participants were.

Adolescents' School Experience and Self-Reported Offending: An Empirical Elaboration of an Interactional and Developmental School Social Control Theory

ABSTRACT Three theories define the social processes involved in adolescent school experience. Individual offending is defined as a result of strain, insufficient bonding, labeling and tracking. It is not our intention to reconcile or integrate these three theories, rather we select some of their concepts in order to incorporate them into a middle range school social control theory of adolescent offending. This interactional and developmental theory is elaborated through regression analysis procedures using longitudinal data drawn from a normative sample of 825 adolescent boys and girls.

An Analysis Tool for the Contextual Information from Field Experiments on Driving Fatigue

Elderly drivers will be more present on the road in the next few years. Mobility is fundamental for the elderly because it allows them to maintain an active lifestyle. But the elderly may suffer from cognitive, physical or sensorial decline due to aging. To help them to drive, context-aware systems can assess the status of a driver and warn him or her about hazards. We present a data analysis tool for car driving context information that includes data mining and statistical evaluation algorithms. We applied our system to data collected by sensors into an instrumented vehicle in realistic driving conditions. Results show that our tool is able to store the contextual information collected and to enable an interactive visualization of the data collected. Thanks to this tool, it is easier to share information among the scientists working on the data. Moreover, it makes it convenient to store data in the cloud.

Persuasive Strategies to Improve Driving Behaviour of Elderly Drivers by a Feedback Approach

We are witnessing a growing aging population who wishes to live independently. In a driving context, the elderly want to maintain an active lifestyle, but they may suffer from impairments due to aging. New intelligent transportation systems can be beneficial for drivers to assist them with driving. Hence, new intelligent technologies have to be accepted and have to persuade the driver of adopting safer driving behaviours. In this paper, we present a persuasive driving feedback for elderly drivers. The feedback objectives are to evaluate the drivers perception of the driving fatigue and to compare it with their driving behaviour. Our first results from an exploratory field experiment with twenty elderly drivers support the use of the feedback with that category of drivers relative to fatigue perception. The originality of this paper is to enable progress in the area of persuasive technologies applied to road safety and for elder people.

HIV risk after release from prison: a pilot case-control study in Canada, France, Ivory Coast and South Africa

This study aimed to assess HIV knowledge, risk perception and risk behaviour of ex-offenders at risk of new infection and to compare them with the general population. A case-control interview study was conducted with conveniently sampled ex-offenders and persons with no history of incarceration in four countries (Canada, France, Ivory Coast, South Africa). The total sample included 232 participants with a mean age of 33.9 years (SD=9.8 years). Results indicate various high HIV risk behaviours including multiple sexual partners, irregular sexual partner, and commercial sexual partner. Other risk factors were unprotected sex at last intercourse with a regular partner, with an irregular partner and with a commercial sexual partner. A history of incarceration did not differentiate risk for infection. Younger age, coming from the Ivory Coast, and higher HIV risk perception were found to be associated with HIV risk behaviour. Prevention efforts should focus on education, promotion of safe sex and substance abuse treatment.