Fabiano Nunes Vaz

Carcass Traits of Young Red Angus Steers Slaughtered with Different Weights

The carcass quantitative characteristics of feedlot finished Red Angus steers, with initial age of eight months and 189 kg, slaughtered with 340, 370, 400 or 430 kg (SW), were evaluated. The number of days to reach the respective weight was 114, 144, 173 and 213 days. The diet contained 13.13% crude protein, 2.7 Mcal digestible energy/kg DM and a roughage:concentrate ratio of 56:44. Carcass dressing percentage and conformation were not affected by the slaughter weight. The saw cut weight although increasing linearly in weight (91.73; 103.26; 106.20 and 116.66 kg) as the slaughter weight increased, declined linearly when expressed in relation to cold carcass weight. Side cut percentage showed the highest increase (23.36; 25.40; 28.50 and 35%) as the slaughter weight increased, following the increase of subcutaneous fat thickness (3.91; 6.16; 6.16 and 9.58 mm). The Longissimus dorsi muscle (LMA) increased linearly as the slaughter weight increased (LMA = 27.48 + 0.083SW) while the LMA/100 kg of cold carcass weight declined linearly (LMA/100 kg carc. = 45.14 - 0.0425SW). According to the regression equation the minimum subcutaneous fat thickness required by the slaughter weights (3 mm) would be reached at 327 kg of live weight. Considering the minimum carcass weight of 180 kg, it would be reached with the slaughter weight of 337 kg. Using Red Angus breed to produce steers to be slaughtered at young age the slaughter weight should not surpass 400 kg, in order to not exceed the 6 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness, to avoid the carcass trimming for fat excess.

Características de carcaça e da carne de novilhos de diferentes genótipos de Hereford x Nelore

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the carcass and meat characteristics of Hereford (H), 5/8 H 3/8 Nellore (N), 1/2 H 1/2 N and 1/4 H 3/4 N steers, feedlot finished, from 20 to 24 months of age. Twenty-four steers randomly taken from the same herd were used. The diet contained, in a dry matter basis, 12.7% of crude protein and 57.5:42.5% forage:concentrate ratio. The forage was composed by corn silage + sugar cane (relation 1:1). The slaughter and cold carcass weights were higher for 1/2 H 1/2 N steers (443 and 236 kg) followed by 5/8 H 3/8 N (426 and 225 kg). The cold carcass dressing percentage increased as the proportion of N increased, being 48.91, 52.74, 53.37 and 54.23%, respectively. There was no difference for subcutaneous fat thickness, bone, muscle and fat percentage in the carcass. The meat tenderness decreased with the increase of Nellore proportion in the genotype.

Qualidade e composição química da carne de bovinos de corte inteiros ou castrados de diferentes grupos genéticos Charolês x Nelore

Seventy beef males of three breeding systems (BS), straightbreds Charolais (Ch) and Nellore (Ne), G1 crossbreds: 1/2 Ch + 1/2 Ne (1/2 Ch) and 1/2 Ne + 1/2 Ch (1/2 Ne) and G2 crossbreds: 3/4 Ch + 1/4 Ne (3/4 Ch) and 3/4 Ne + 1/4 Ch (3/4 Ne) were used. The number of animals by genetic group was, respectively, 15, 12, 8, 12, 14 and 9. Thirty-five males were castrated (C) at seven months and 35 were kept intact (I). The animals were feedlot finished from 20 to 24 months. The longissimus dorsi muscle was used for the meat evaluation. No significant interaction was observed between genetic composition and sexual condition, for the variables studied. The I males displayed meat with darker color (3.05 vs. 3.78 points) with less amount of marbling (4.26 vs. 5.75 points) and less amount of ether extract (1.73 vs. 2.88%). However they presented larger (66.03 vs. 60.50 cm2) longissimus dorsi area and meat with better palatability, juiciness and tenderness. Ch animals had larger longissimus dorsi than the Ne. In the G1 group, the 1/2 Ch meat showed larger amount of marbling and ether extract and less cooking losses than the 1/2 Ne meat. Between G2 animals, the 3/4 Ne showed meat with larger thawing losses and larger amount of ether extract. In G1 animals meat, the heterosis level reached 18.54% for longissimus dorsi area, 28.10% for ether extract and 64.01% for amount of marbling. In G2, the heterosis was -17.30% for lean texture and 10.40% for longissimus dorsi area.

Características de carcaça de bovinos de corte inteiros ou castrados de diferentes composições aciais Charolês x Nelore

The carcass characteristics from young bulls or steers from different breed compositions of Charolais x Nellore were the objective of this study. Seventy beef males from three breeding systems: straightbreds (Charolais (Ch) and Nellore (Ne)), G1 crossbreds (1/2 Ch 1/2 Ne and 1/2 Ne 1/2 Ch) and G2 crossbreds (3/4 Ch 1/4 Ne and 3/4 Ne 1/4 Ch) were used. Thirty-five males were castrated (steers) at seven months and 35 were kept entire (young bulls). The animals were confined from 20 month to the slaughter time, at 24 months of age. No interaction was observed between breed composition and sexual condition, for any of the studied variables. The young bulls showed higher slaughter and carcass weight, forequarter and muscle percentage and conformation, while the steers showed higher fat thickness, fat, pistol cut and sidecut percentage. Among breeding systems, crossbreds animals showed higher values for slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length, leg length, cushion thickness and arm perimeter, and the heterosis values were 16.36, 20.10, 3.08, 3.71, 4.09, 6.04 and 4.56% in G1, and, in G2, of 10.03, 11.48, 1.09, 3.02, 2.49, 6.08 and 4.56%, respectively. Comparing the Ch and Ne breeds, the first showed higher slaughter and carcass weight, while the dressing percentage and carcass fat thickness were better in Ne animals. There was no difference among 1/2 Ch 1/2 Ne and 1/2 Ne 1/2 Ch animals for any one of the studied traits.

Avaliação econômica da terminação em confinamento de novilhos jovens e superjovens de diferentes grupos genéticos

The objective of this study was to economically evaluate feedlot finished steers and young steers from two genetic groups: 5/8Charolais (CH) 3/8Nellore (NE) and 5/8NE 3/8CH. The average age of animals at the end of the experimental period was 22.8 and 15.2 months for steers and young steers, respectively. Animals were maintained in the feedlot until reach the previously established slaughter weight of 430 kg. Animals were fed a diet containing a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 with the following chemical composition: 10.25% crude protein and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of dry matter. Economical evaluation was performed as follows: FW - period spent for young steers to reach final body weight similar to steers and FBCS - period spent for young steers to reach final body condition score (FBCS) similar to steers. Variables responsible for most of the total production cost of one hectare of corn silage were: crop fertilizer (23.27%), nitrogen fertilizer (16.05%), seeds (11.56%), insecticide (9.97%), post-emergent herbicide (9.40%), and canvas (6.85%). Of the total estimated cost of the diet, forage represented 23.75% and concentrate 76.25%. The cost per kg of weight gain was similar between steers and young steers FW (R

Desempenho de Novilhos Red Angus Superprecoces, Confinados e Abatidos com Diferentes Pesos

1.29/kg) and greater than young steers FBCS (R

Carcass and meat characteristics of Hereford steers finished in feedlot with different roughage sources

1.18/kg). Total and monthly profitabilities were, respectively, 25.79 and 4.19% for steers and 26.19 and 2.68% for young steers (FW) and 28.11 and 3.60% for young steers (FBCS) showing that reduction of the feeding period of feedlot beef steers increases profitability. Among genetic groups, 5/8CH 3/8NE animals showed higher total net income as well as total and monthly profitabilities compared to 5/8NE 3/8CH.

Desempenho e Características da Carcaça de Vacas de Diferentes Grupos Genéticos em Pastagem Cultivada com Suplementação Energética

The feedlot performance of Red Angus steers, with initial age of eight months and 189 kg of initial live weight, fed to reach the slaughter weight (SW) of 340, 370, 400 or 430 kg, was evaluated. The number of days to reach the respective weight was 114, 144, 168 and 209 days, with 12, 13, 14 and 15 months of age. The animals were fed with a 13.13% crude protein diet, and roughage:concentrate ratio of 56:44. The average daily gain was 1.32, 1.27, 1.23 and 1.15 kg, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) expressed in kg/day/animal and metabolic weight, did not show significant relation with slaughter weight. When DMI was expressed per 100 kg of live weight a linear decline occurred (DMI/100 kg W= 3.599 - 0.003152SW) as the final weight increased. Body condition improved linearly with the final weight (Body condtion = 0.159 + 0.0103SW), while feed conversion worsen (FCDM = 1.585 + 0.01019SW), however it can be considered satisfactory, being respectively 5.09, 5.35, 5.55 and 6.04 kg of DM/kg of weight gain. In order to reach the minimum carcass weight and subcutaneous fat thickness required, the regression equation estimation showed that slaughter weight should be of 337 and 327 kg, respectively.

Características de carcaça e da carne de novilhas Charolês e 3/4 Charolês 1/4 Nelore, terminadas em confinamento

The objective of this work was to study the carcass and meat characteristics of Hereford steers, finished in feedlot for 112 days and fed with 33% concentrate and 67% chopped sugar cane or corn silage diets, containing 12% of crude protein. Twelve steers, with 20 months of age, were used. Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight were higher for steers fed corn silage, being, respectively, 446, 230 and 227 kg vs 421, 211 and 208 kg, in the same order, for animals fed chopped sugar cane. No significant differences among treatments were observed for cold dressing percentage, chilling loss and commercial cuts percentage. Carcass length was higher for steers fed corn silage (125 vs 122 cm), but the roughage source did not affect the carcass conformation, fat thickness, longissimus dorsi area, as well as carcass muscle and bone percentages, being the averages of the two treatments, for these this characteristics, respectively, 9.5 points, 5.04 mm, 58.1 cm2, 63.7 and 15.4%. Steers fed corn silage showed higher fat percentage (23.2 vs 20.6%). No significant difference were observed for meat color, texture, marbling, Shear value, tenderness and cooking loss, but the thawing loss was higher for steers fed chopped sugar cane (6.10 vs 3.69%).The objective of this work was to study the carcass and meat characteristics of Hereford steers, finished in feedlot for 112 days and fed with 33% concentrate and 67% chopped sugar cane or corn silage diets, containing 12% of crude protein. Twelve steers, with 20 months of age, were used. Slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight were higher for steers fed corn silage, being, respectively, 446, 230 and 227 kg vs 421, 211 and 208 kg, in the same order, for animals fed chopped sugar cane. No significant differences among treatments were observed for cold dressing percentage, chilling loss and commercial cuts percentage. Carcass length was higher for steers fed corn silage (125 vs 122 cm), but the roughage source did not affect the carcass conformation, fat thickness, longissimus dorsi area, as well as carcass muscle and bone percentages, being the averages of the two treatments, for these this characteristics, respectively, 9.5 points, 5.04 mm, 58.1 cm2, 63.7 and 15.4%. Steers fed corn silage showed higher fat percentage (23.2 vs 20.6%). No significant difference were observed for meat color, texture, marbling, Shear value, tenderness and cooking loss, but the thawing loss was higher for steers fed chopped sugar cane (6.10 vs 3.69%).

Desempenho em confinamento, do desmame ao abate aos quatorze meses, de bovinos inteiros ou castrados, produzidos por vacas de dois anos

The objective of this work was to evaluate different levels of enegetic supplementation, in the form of grounded sorghum for finishing of cull cows from different genotypes of Charolais (C) x Nellore (N), kept on cultivated pasture during the last half of the vegetative cycle. Thirty C, N, 3/4 C + 1/4 N (CN) and 3/4 N + 1/4 C (NC) beef cows, kept on cultivated pasture of oats (Avena strigosa) + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) were allotted in three supplementation levels: .0, .4 or .8% of live weight. In the study of the genetic group effect, it was observed that the average daily gain was 1.03, 1.06, 1.36 and 1.02 kg, respectively, for C, N, CN and NC. Final live weigth was 453, 412, 515 and 478kg, respectively. The gain in body condition during the finishing was higher for the N cows (1.81 points) than for the C (1.09 points) and CN ( .99 points), while the NC cows showed an intermediate value (1.42 points). Carcasses from C cows showed higher weight, better conformation and Longissimus dorsi area than from the N, while the last ones, showed higher bone percentage in the carcass. Between the crossbreds, the CN meat exhibited brighter color than the NC. With relation to the supplementation level, the average daily gain was .92, 1.23 and 1.20 kg, respectively, for .0, .4 and .8%.