Paulo Santana Pacheco

Características da carcaça de novilhos 5/8 Nelore-3/8 Charolês abatidos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento

The carcass quantitative characteristics of 5/8 Nellore-3/8 Charolais steers feedlot finished to reach slaughter weight (SW) of 425, 467 and 510 kg, were studied. At the beginning of the feedlot the average age, weight and body condition were, respectively, 660 days, 361 kg and 2.9 points. The diet offered, with 60:40 roughage:concentrate relation, dry matter basis (DM), contained 10.25% crude protein and 72.18% of total digestible nutrients. The roughage was corn silage with 46.5% of grain in the DM. Cold carcass dressing percentage showed linear relation with SW (= 37.618 + .011Pi (initial weight) + .028SW). However, when dressing percentage was expressed in relation to empty body weight (EB), it was not influenced by SW. Subcutaneous fat thickness expressed per cold carcass (= -15.499 - .001Pi + .047SW), per 100 kg of cold carcass weight (= -1.724 - .006Pi + .013SW) and per 100 kg of EB (= -1.124 - .003Pi + .008SW) increased as SW increased. Longissimus dorsi area increased linearly with SW (= -33.472 + .120Pi + .120SW), however, when expressed per 100 kg of cold carcass weight it declined (= 45.173 - .023Pi - .028SW), and when expressed per 100 kg of EB, it did not show relationship with SW. The percentage of sawcut declined (= 63.007 - .001Pi - .026SW) while the side cut increased (= -3.054 + .005Pi + .030SW), as SW increased. Slaughter weight influenced positively cushion thickness (= 6.223 + .014Pi + .031SW), leg length (= 28.326 + .061Pi + .05SW) and arm perimeter (= 9.173+ .053Pi + .017SW). Carcass conformation was not alterated by SW.

Silagem de milho e grão de sorgo como suplementos para vacas de descarte terminadas em pastagem cultivada de estação fria

The effect of supplementation with corn silage or sorghum grain on the performance and characteristics of carcass and meat of cull cows, under temporary grazing on oats (Avena strigosa) + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture was evaluated. Thirty crossbred Charolais-Nellore cull cows, with averaging eight-yearold,were randomly distributed in three treatments. The animals received corn silage (TSI) or sorghum grain (TSO) as supplement, while another lot did not receive supplementation (TPH). Animals supplemented with corn silage showed higher final body condition score (4.35 points versus 4.15 for TPH and 4.22 for TSO). No effect of supplementation on body weight, average daily weight gain; and body condition score gain were verified. Differences were not observed concerning carcasses weight, hot and cold yield of carcasses, fat thickness, conformation, cushion thickness, Longissimus dorsi area, and commercial cuts percentages. Supplemented animals showed better color and higher marbling of meat. Corn silage and sorghum grain are alternative for the supplementation of cull cows in oats and ryegrass pasture, since they showed better carcass characteristics, although no effect on the performance in relation to exclusive pasture was detected.

Avaliação da silagem de diferentes híbridos de milho (Zea mays, L.) por meio do desempenho de bezerros confinados em fase de crescimento

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate, through feedlot performance of calves, three corn hybrids (Zea mays, L.): Agroceres AG-5011, Braskalb XL-344 and Cargill C-806. For the evaluation, 27 Nellore x Charolais non-castrated crossbred males with average age of 10 months and average initial weight of 252 kg, were used. The animals were fed during 84 days, divided in four periods of 21 days. The hybrids silages tested represented 70% of the dry matter offered. No significant interaction of corn hybrids with evaluation period was observed for the different parameters. The diet that included the AG-5011, resulted in higher voluntary dry matter intake expressed per 100 kg of live weight and metabolic size, and higher average daily intake of ADF expressed in the different forms, in relation to XL-344 and C-806, which were similar to each other. The diets that included the AG-5011, XL-344 and C-806 silages showed similar dry matter intakes expressed as kg/animal/day (6.73; 6.05; and 6.19), NDF expressed as kg/animal/day (3.054; 2.837; and 2.836) and digestible energy expressed in the different forms, average daily weight gain (1.283; 1.219; and 1.249 kg), gain in body condition, feed conversion (5.26; 4.98; and 4.97) and energy efficiency (14.02; 13.68; and 13.21). The three hybrids are indicated as very good genetic materials for silage production, resulting in weight gain above 1.2 kg/animal/day when fed diets with roughage:concentrate ratio of 70:30.

Fontes energéticas para bezerros de corte desmamados aos 80 dias de idade

In this study different energy supplements for feedlot calves weaned at 80 days of age and averaging 90 kg of body weight were evaluated. The following energy sources were used: corn grain (CG), rice bran (RB), soybean hulls (SH), corn grain + rice bran (CG + RB), soybean hulls + rice bran (SH + RB) or corn grain + soybean hulls (CG + SH). The diets were isonitrogenous (13% crude protein) with a 50:50 forage:concentrate ratio. Sorghum silage (AG-2005E) constituted the forage portion of the diet. No significant differences were observed for dry matter intakes (DMI) expressed in kg (4.43 kg), per 100 kg of body weight (3.17%) or per unit of metabolic weight (109.10 g). Calves fed SH showed greater intake of NDF than those fed CG expressed in kg per day, per 100 kg of body weight and per unit of metabolic weight (2.41 kg, 1.73% and 59.46 g vs. 1.44 kg, 1.02% and 35.01 g, respectively). Daily digestible energy intake (DEI) was similar among treatments as well as the average daily weight gain (.986 kg), feed conversion (4.52 kg DMI/kg of weight gain) and energy efficiency (12.23 Mcal DEI/kg of weight gain). However, when compared by contrast analyses both diets with SH (SH and SH + RB) and both diets with CG (CG and CG + RB), it was observed that animals receiving diets with soybean hulls consumed more DM than animals fed corn grain expressed either per 100 kg of body weight (3.28 vs. 3.06%) or per unit of metabolic weight - MW (112.67 vs. 105.59 g). It was also observed differences in DEI, being greater for diets containing corn grain (12.47 Mcal/day and .304 Mcal/MW) compared to those containing SH (11.67 Mcal/day and .288 Mcal/MW). Feed conversion improved on calves fed diets with CG (4.21) than on those fed soybean hulls (4.80).

Ganho de peso antes e após os sete meses no desenvolvimento e características quantitativas da carcaça de novilhos Nelore abatidos aos dois anos

The objective of the experiment was to study the development and carcass characteristics of Nellore steers, slaughtered at two years of age classified in four groups according to the average daily weight gain (ADG) pre and post seven months: high-high = steers with ADG ³ .44 kg from birth to slaughter, low-low = steers with ADG .44 kg before seven months, and ADG < .44 kg from seven months to slaughter, and low-high = animals with ADG < .44 kg before seven months and ADG ³ .44 kg from seven months to slaughter. At seven months, the animals with lower weight gain (low-high and low-low) showed, in average, 109 kg versus 154 kg for high-low and high-high steers. High-high and high-low animals showed higher live weight at 18 months than the other groups, but at slaughter high-high (396 kg) and high-low (382 kg) steers were only heavier than low-low (335 kg) steers, the same was verified with the carcass weight, wich was 221, 207 and 182 kg, in the same order. Sidecut percentage was higher for high-high steers (13.8%) than low-high (12.7%) and low-low (12.1%) steers, but sawcut percentage was lower for high-high (48.4%) than low-low (50.2%) steers. Contrast analysis comparing pre and post seven months ADG, showed that only pre seven months ADG effect was important for characteristics like weight at twelve and eighteen moths, subcutaneous fat thickness, sidecut percentage, carcass length and leg length. Both effects, ADG pre and post seven months, affected slaughter and carcass weight, sawcut percentage and arm length.

Use of financial indicators in superintensive full cycle systems of beef cattle

This study aimed to perform a deterministic economic analysis of investment projects to the production in full cycle of young steers. The systems were simulated using data from meta-analytic survey of studies in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in Microsoft Excel ® spreadsheets. Were performed the calculations for the economic viability using financial indicators. The return indicators presented negative values of Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit:cost index (IB:C) and additional return on investment (ROI) for the system in feedlot with or without bonus, and the same for the system in pasture with and without bonus. The risk indicators show internal return rate (IRR) -42.7% and -46.7%, modified internal return rate (MIRR) -16.0% and -17.0% and a return in 63 and 73 years, respectively for the system in feedlot with and without bonus, and IRR -13.1% and -15.7%, MIRR -5.0% and -6.0% and a return in 18 and 20 years, respectively for the system in pasture with and without bonus. The largest cost centers were with feeding supply and with depreciation in relation to total cost and with feeding supply and with pro labor in relation to total cost less depreciation. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v17n2p84-91

Comportamento social, frequência respiratória e escore de limpeza de novilhos confinados com diferentes espaços individuais

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento social, a frequencia respiratoria e o escore de limpeza de novilhosconfinados em diferentes espacos individuais. Foram utilizados 48 novilhos com idade e pesos medios iniciaisde 20 meses e 243,4 kg, respectivamente. Os animais foram confinados coletivamente de acordo como espaco individual disponivel, 2,5; 5,0 ou 10 m2. A dieta continha relacao volumoso:concentrado de 39:61(base na materia seca). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. As analises foramefetuadas atraves do proc MIXED. As medias foram classificadas pelo teste “F” e os parâmetros comefeito significativo comparados pelo “teste t”, com α = 0,05. As interacoes agressivas atraves de cabecadasou ameacas, medias de 15,8 e 5,1 ocorrencias diarias, respectivamente, e o numero total de disputas, com21,9; 21,5 e 19,7 ocorrencias entre animais mantidos em espacos de 2,5; 5,0 e 10 m2, citados na mesmaordem, nao foram influenciadas pelo espaco individual disponivel. Do mesmo modo, o numero de interacao nao-agonisticas foi similar entre os diferentes espacamentos avaliados. Novilhos confinados com 5,0 e 10m2 estenderam seus membros 8,8 e 9,7 vezes por dia, respectivamente, superiores aos animais mantidoscom disponibilidade individual de 2,5 m2, que realizaram esse comportamento 4,3 vezes ao dia. O escore delimpeza diferiu entre os espacamentos – 3,2; 2,4 e 1,1 – para novilhos com espacos individuais de 2,5; 5,0 e10 m2, respectivamente, assim como a frequencia respiratoria, com 27,1; 24,8 e 22,7 movimentos/ minuto,citados na mesma ordem.