Fabio Biela

Reaction of vegetables and aromatic plants to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

For this research we used 15 day-old seedlings which were transplanted to 2 L pots and inoculated with 4,000 nematode eggs plus juveniles (J2). After 60 days, the root systems were removed and the number of galls and eggs evaluated and used to calculate the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The tomato cv. Santa Cruz was used as a susceptible control. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replications. Averages were compared using the Tukey or Scott-Knott test at 5%. For lettuce, Salad Bowl (Mimosa type), Elizabeth and Elisa (Lisa) and Vera cultivars (crisphead), the number of galls and the RF for M. javanica were statistically higher than for the control, whereas, for the other vegetable crops, the highest number of galls and eggs were found in chicory and basil. The highest susceptibility to M. incognita was observed in Mimosa lettuce cv. Salad Bowl, chicory cultivars, parsley cv. Grauda Portuguesa and basil. Marjoram exhibited no M. incognita galls.

Host status and phenotypic diversity of rice genotypes in relation to Pratylenchus brachyurus resistance

The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of rice genotypes to Pratylenchus brachyurus and investigate the inheritance of resistance in the crop. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, using naturally infested soil. Twenty-six rice genotypes were assessed, with maize used to show the susceptibility pattern. The maize was cultivated for 90 days and the initial nematode population was determined. Then, rice genotypes were cultivated, and the final nematode population and the reproduction factor (RF) were estimated 90 days after germination. All genotypes were susceptible to P. brachyurus in the two experiments but only one showed statistical differences, indicating variation in susceptibility, and genotypes Linhagem L03-107 and Cateto Amarelo scored higher than the control genotype, with RF of 8.80 and 9.48, respectively. Inheritance of resistance was poorly influenced by genotype genetics. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of five different groups of genotypes but there was low genetic variability among the genotypes.

Penetration of Pratylenchus zeae in antagonistic plants

Pratylenchus zeae Graham is one of the most important nematode species found in sugarcane and has been reported in the main sugarcane-producing regions of Brazil, especially in areas of commercial production in the state of São Paulo (Novaretti et al., 1998, Dinardo-Miranda et al., 2003), in the northeast region (Moura et al., 2000) and in Paraná (Severino et al., 2010). Due to the scarcity of plants resistant to root-lesion nematode and limitations regarding the use of chemical control, crop rotation is becoming increasingly important. Thus, the use of leguminous plants as a green manure is crucial as it promotes, among other benefits, improvements in the physical and chemical conditions of the soil (McSorley & Gallaher, 1994). An experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at Universidade Estadual de Maringá, campus Regional de Umuarama (State University of Maringa, Umuarama Regional Campus) in January 2014, with minimum and maximum temperatures of 20.2 and 32.4°C, respectively. The species assessed in this experiment were crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and stylosanthes (Stylosanthes capitata + S. macrocephala), with maize (Zea mays) cv. IPR 114 as control. The seedlings, produced in the same manner, were transplanted into 500 ml plastic containers of the

Agronomic performance of maize with different fertilizers in winter crop succession

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperate climate plant species and two different types of fertilizer on the yield components related to summer maize crop productivity in an area with a history of 5 years of soybean/black oat succession cropping in a no-tillage system in ArenitoCaiua, Northwestern Parana State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in split blocks, with 6 blocks and 16 treatments (8 winter crops and 2 types of fertilizer). The maize hybrid used was DKB 390PRO. The following yield components were evaluated: plant height and height of first-ear insertion; final plant population; ear length and diameter; number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and number of grains per ear; weight of 100 grains and yield. It can be concluded that all succession systems are agronomically viable for maize production in the ArenitoCaiua region, in conjunction with adequate crop nutrition management, especially the winter common vetch/summer maize succession system fertilized with poultry litter which produced the best maize yield.

Reação de porta-enxertos de videira a Pratylenchus brachyurus e Pratylenchus zeae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of eight grapevine rootstocks to root-lesion nematodes. Cuttings of the rootstocks Kober, SO4, 101-14, R99, 420-A, Rupestris du Lot, Riparia do Traviu and Telek 5C, provided by the Centro APTA de Frutas/IAC, were planted in 5-L pots containing a 2:1 (v:v) soil and sand mixture, and kept in greenhouse. After four months, they were inoculated with 1,200 specimens of Pratylenchus brachyurus or P. zeae. Maize was used for detecting the inoculum viability. After 180 days of the inoculation, the root systems of the plants were collected along with 100 cm3 soil for evaluating the number of nematodes. Maize plants were evaluated 90 days after inoculation and each pot received a new seedling, which was evaluated along with the rootstocks. All rootstocks exhibited immunity to P. brachyurus and P. zeae, because the final populations in the root systems and the reproduction factor were zero. It was recovered six and 11 specimens of P. zeae in samples from cultivated soil with Kober and 420-A rootstock, respectively. In the maize, the respective average populations of P. brachyurus and P. zeae were 8,040 and 6,940. The rootstocks are potentially valuable for infested areas.