Fernando Marcelo Chiamolera

Reaction of vegetables and aromatic plants to Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita

For this research we used 15 day-old seedlings which were transplanted to 2 L pots and inoculated with 4,000 nematode eggs plus juveniles (J2). After 60 days, the root systems were removed and the number of galls and eggs evaluated and used to calculate the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The tomato cv. Santa Cruz was used as a susceptible control. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replications. Averages were compared using the Tukey or Scott-Knott test at 5%. For lettuce, Salad Bowl (Mimosa type), Elizabeth and Elisa (Lisa) and Vera cultivars (crisphead), the number of galls and the RF for M. javanica were statistically higher than for the control, whereas, for the other vegetable crops, the highest number of galls and eggs were found in chicory and basil. The highest susceptibility to M. incognita was observed in Mimosa lettuce cv. Salad Bowl, chicory cultivars, parsley cv. Grauda Portuguesa and basil. Marjoram exhibited no M. incognita galls.

Agronomic performance of maize with different fertilizers in winter crop succession

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperate climate plant species and two different types of fertilizer on the yield components related to summer maize crop productivity in an area with a history of 5 years of soybean/black oat succession cropping in a no-tillage system in ArenitoCaiua, Northwestern Parana State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in split blocks, with 6 blocks and 16 treatments (8 winter crops and 2 types of fertilizer). The maize hybrid used was DKB 390PRO. The following yield components were evaluated: plant height and height of first-ear insertion; final plant population; ear length and diameter; number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and number of grains per ear; weight of 100 grains and yield. It can be concluded that all succession systems are agronomically viable for maize production in the ArenitoCaiua region, in conjunction with adequate crop nutrition management, especially the winter common vetch/summer maize succession system fertilized with poultry litter which produced the best maize yield.

Reação de porta-enxertos de videira a Pratylenchus brachyurus e Pratylenchus zeae

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of eight grapevine rootstocks to root-lesion nematodes. Cuttings of the rootstocks Kober, SO4, 101-14, R99, 420-A, Rupestris du Lot, Riparia do Traviu and Telek 5C, provided by the Centro APTA de Frutas/IAC, were planted in 5-L pots containing a 2:1 (v:v) soil and sand mixture, and kept in greenhouse. After four months, they were inoculated with 1,200 specimens of Pratylenchus brachyurus or P. zeae. Maize was used for detecting the inoculum viability. After 180 days of the inoculation, the root systems of the plants were collected along with 100 cm3 soil for evaluating the number of nematodes. Maize plants were evaluated 90 days after inoculation and each pot received a new seedling, which was evaluated along with the rootstocks. All rootstocks exhibited immunity to P. brachyurus and P. zeae, because the final populations in the root systems and the reproduction factor were zero. It was recovered six and 11 specimens of P. zeae in samples from cultivated soil with Kober and 420-A rootstock, respectively. In the maize, the respective average populations of P. brachyurus and P. zeae were 8,040 and 6,940. The rootstocks are potentially valuable for infested areas.