Fabio Germán Cupul-Magaña

DIVERSIDAD Y ABUNDANCIA DE HORMIGAS (FORMICIDAE) EN LAS VIVIENDAS DE PUERTO VALLARTA, JALISCO, MÉXICO

During a whole year (May 2007 to April 2008) a study was conducted, using adhesive traps, to determine the diversity and abundance of ants (Formicidae) in 21 homes in the city of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. A total number of 8 462 specimens were counted in the samplings. Thirteen species were identified. Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius 1879) was the most common house-inhabiting ant, with the 41.91% of the total registries.

Rediscovery and New Data for Oroperipatus eisenii (Wheeler, 1898) from Mexico (Onychophora: Peripatidae)

Onychophora (velvet worms) are a small group of terrestrial invertebrates currently comprising about 200 species (Ruhberg and Hamer 2005). Onychophorans usually live in leaf litter and rotten logs in humid and relatively undisturbed habitats. Two major onychophoran subgroups are recognized: the pantropical Peripatidae (found in the Antilles, Mexico, Central America, northern South America, equatorial West Africa, and South-East Asia) and the southerly distributed Peripatopsidae (recorded from Chile, South Africa, and Australasia) (Bouvier 1905; Peck 1975; Gleeson 1996; Monge-Nájera 2000; Grimaldi and Engel 2005). This ancient pattern of distribution dates back to Gondwana (MongeNájera 1995; Reid 1996). All known onychophorans are predators feeding on snails, worms, and small arthropods, including their larvae. The prey organisms are captured by using an adhesive, which is expelled from the slime papillae. The adhesive is used for defense as well (Gleeson 1996; Monge-Nájera 2000; Grimaldi and Engel 2005). The onychophoran body is covered with a thin cuticle and dermal papillae. The locomotory appendages, or oncopods, may vary in number interspecifically or intraspecifically and are of taxonomic value. At the anterior end of the body, the limbs are modified to paired slime papillae, jaws, and antennae, which have been suggested to be modified limbs of the cephalic region (Mayer and Koch 2005). There is a paucity of information on Onychophora from Mexico (MongeNájera 2000). Three species are currently known for Mexico: (1) Oroperipatus eisenii (Wheeler, 1898), (2) O. goudoti (Bouvier, 1899), and (3) Macroperipatus perrieri (Bouvier, 1899). Some few morphological data are available for these species, but their distribution is not well documented. In particular, the type locality and distribution of O. goudoti, are unknown, whereas M. perrieri was found in the state of Veracruz, but the exact locality of this species is unknown (Monge-Nájera 2000). Oroperipatus eisenii (Fig. 1) was initially described from 87 specimens (all females) collected in November 1894 in Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico (1200 m elev.). Volume 119, Number 5, November and December 2008 545

OCCURRENCES OF THE MILLIPED, CHONDROMORPHAXANTHOTRICHA (ATTEMS, 1898), IN THE NEW WORLD: FIRST RECORDS FROM MEXICO, COSTA RICA, PANAMA, THE CAYMAN ISLANDS, SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, AND TOBAGO; FIRST LOCALITIES IN CUBA (POLYDESMIDA: PARADOXOSOMATIDAE)

In the Western Hemisphere, a diverse indigenous fauna of the milliped family Paradoxosomatidae occupies South America and ranges northward to Costa Rica and Dominica (Pocock 1888, 1894; Hoffman 1960, 1977, 1980a, 1999; Loomis 1968). However, the only paradoxosomatids in North America, the lone populated continent without native taxa, are four introduced species from Asia and one from Australia: Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847), which is widespread in urban environments in both the United States and Canada and frequently undergoes population explosions; Asiomorpha coarctata (Saussure, 1860), in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas; Akamptogonus novarae (Humbert and Saussure, 1869), the lone Australian paradoxosomatid, in California; Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898), in Texas; and Helicorthomorpha holstii (Pocock, 1895), in Florida (Causey 1943; Weems and Loomis 1974; Hoffman 1980b; Kevan 1983; Shelley 1988, 1990, 2000, 2001, 2002a, b; Shelley and Edwards 2002; Shelley et al., 1998). The first two species and C. xanthotricha occur in Central America and on Caribbean Islands, and are sympatric with the indigenous fauna from Costa Rica and Dominica southward. New World occurrences of O. gracilis and A. coarctata are supported by numerous samples and published records, but comparatively few of either exist for C. xanthotricha, a more recent importation. The earliest reported collection, 1938 from Paramaribo, Surinam (Jeekel 1963), is supplanted by the 1931 sample from Trinidad (detailed below); consequently, the original importation appears to have been in the late 1920-1930s in the area of Trinidad and the northern South American coast. The milliped has been introduced as far north as southern Texas, USA (Shelley 2000), as far south as Ecuador, the first South American record outside of Surinam (see below), and is known from all islands in the Greater Antilles. Chondromorpha xanthotricha is readily distinguished from other exogenous paradoxosomatids by the granular, papilose, and setose dorsum and the configuration of the gonopods; anatomical diagnoses and illustrations are available in Attems (1898: 139, pl. 5, fig. 115 as Prionopeltis xanthotrichus; and 1937:110-112, figs. 145-148 as Volume 118, Number 2, March and April 2007 213

Distribution and species richness of caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Mexican Pacific

BackgroundThe caprellid fauna from different localities along the Mexican Pacific coast: Sinaloa (3), Nayarit (15), Jalisco (9) and Colima (1) are presented herein.MethodsA total of 1,093 specimens associated with diverse substrates (octocorals, hydroids, algae, coral rubble and sponge) were recorded.ResultsEight species in four genera were identified: Aciconula acanthosoma Chess 1989; Caprella mendax Mayer 1903; Caprella pitu Sánchez-Moyano, García-Ascencio and Guerra-García 2014; Caprella suprapiscis Galván-Villa and Ayón-Parente 2015; Paracaprella carballoi Sánchez-Moyano, García-Ascencio and Guerra-García 2014; Paracaprella isabelae Sánchez-Moyano, García-Ascencio and Guerra-García 2014; Paracaprella pusilla Mayer 1890; and Liropus isabelensis Sánchez-Moyano, García-Ascencio and Guerra-García 2014.ConclusionsThe new records increase the known species richness in the region at local level, including extensions of the known ranges for all the species. These results highlight the need for a large scale survey along the Mexican Pacific coast, along with a more thorough sampling on a large number of substrata, in order to increase the knowledge of caprellid diversity in the area.

UNDERSTANDING THE WRAPPED BUNDLE BURIALS OF WEST MEXICO: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF MIDDLE FORMATIVE MORTUARY PRACTICES

Abstract This article reports on the discovery of an unusual type of secondary burial found at two Middle Formative sites in the Mascota valley of Jalisco, West Mexico. We examine these burials within a Middle and Late Formative period context as well as a broader temporal context of funerary customs and mortuary programs involving secondary-type burials. Tightly wrapped, elaborately processed bundled burials were recovered at the cemeteries of El Embocadero II and Los Tanques. We report on the human remains from both sites and examine burial context and biological identity to seek explanations. The individuals selected for this burial treatment are not associated with any markers of high status. These burials may represent a different ethnic, familial, community or ancestral identity, and we consider the broader secondary burial phenomenon as the possible expression of a ritual of seasonal interment associated with the use of a mortuary hut to curate and process the bodies.

Traslado de postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) a diferentes tiempos, salinidades y densidades y su efecto en la supervivencia y algunos marcadores bioquímicos

The conditioning of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae was evaluated during the transfer to tanks at different salinities (0, 5, 10 and 15 psu) and two densities (10 and 300 postlarvae L-1), during three times (1, 3 and 6 h). When the transfer time increased, survival decreased in both densities and mortality rate was higher when a 300 postlarvae L-1 density was used. A significant interrelation was found between both factors, time and salinity. In general, when salinity was lower the survival in transfer times also decreased. Survival increased with a shorter transfer time. Significant differences were found between both transfer densities when salinity increased and greater survival rate was observed at the lowest density (150 postlarvae L-1). Biochemical markers showed significant variations on glucose concentration and phenoloxidase activity, probably due to stress conditions. A pre-acclimatizing time at a salinity level no lower than 5 psu during 48 h followed by a transfer at the same salinity, with a transfer density lower than 300 postlarvae L-1 and a transfer period no longer than 6 h is proposed.

A Distinctive New Species of Mud Turtle from Western México

Abstract The genus Kinosternon in Mexico is represented by 12 species of which only 2 inhabit the lowlands of the central Pacific region (Kinosternon chimalhuaca and Kinosternon integrum). Based on 15 standard morphological attributes and coloration patterns of 9 individuals, we describe a new microendemic mud turtle species from the central Pacific versant of Mexico. The suite of morphological traits exhibited by Kinosternon sp. nov. clearly differentiates it from other species within the genus Kinosternon by a combination of proportions of plastron and carapace scutes, body size, and a large yellow rostral shield in males. The new species inhabits small streams and ponds in and near the city of Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. Unfortunately, natural populations are unknown so far. The habitat is damaged by urban growth, and only one female is known. The available information would suggest that Kinosternon vogti sp. nov., is one of the most threatened freshwater turtle species. An urgent conservation program is necessary as well as explorations in the area to find viable populations of the species.

Neotype Designation for the Centipede Scolopendra pomacea Koch, 1847 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae: Scolopendrinae) Southwestern Entomologist 40(1): 245–248

When describing the neotype of Scolopendra pomacea Koch, 1847 (Cupul-Magaña et al. 2015) the characteristics of leg spurs “...tibia of legs 1-19 with one spur and tarsus 1 with two spurs; legs 20 with tibia usually without spur...” is incorrect [erroneous translation of Attems (1930) original description according to MartínezMuñoz et al. 2016], and should be “...tarsi 1 of legs 1-19 with one spur and pretarsi with two accessory spurs; legs 20 with tarsus 1 usually without spur...”.

Milpiés1 en BiologiaCentrali-Americana: Estado Actual de los Nombres con Base en la Revisión de MilliBase

Resumen. Durante más de cien años, Biologia Centrali-Americana ha sido una importante fuente de información para muchos grupos de artrópodos mexicanos y centroamericanos, y continúa como una piedra angular del trabajo taxonómico. Sin embargo, muchos nombres incluidos están desactualizados. En este trabajo presentamos una lista actualizada de los nombres de las especies de Diplopoda (milpiés) citados en el volumen 14 de Biologia Centrali-Americana. MilliBase, una base de datos mundial taxonómica en línea de los miriápodos de la clase Diplopoda, se utilizó para actualizar los nombres. Biologia Centrali-Americana incluye 205 nombres para 204 especies y una subespecie (la subespecie fue excluida) de Diplopoda. De éstos, 88 nombres fueron descritos como nuevos en la obra de Pocock. Actualmente, 130 siguen siendo nombres válidos en los mismos géneros, y 74 han sido transferidos a otros géneros.

Tamaño Corporal y Segmentación del Milpiés Eurhinocricus fissus 1

Resumen. Las variables morfométricas son útiles para describir las características de los milpiés. En la especie Eurhinocricus fissus el diámetro, el largo total del cuerpo, y el número de segmentos y pares de patas son desconocidos. Revisamos una muestra de 24 machos y 32 hembras de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México, y registramos estas variables. Los datos morfométricos de los individuos fueron sometidos a la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. No se obtuvieron diferencias significativas para el largo del cuerpo y el número de segmentos entre machos y hembras. Las diferencias fueron significativas para el diámetro del cuerpo y el número de pares de patas entre machos y hembras: las hembras tuvieron un diámetro del cuerpo más grande y un número de pares de patas mayor que los machos. En E. fissus el largo y diámetro del cuerpo tiene un rango entre 21.47 a 51.43 mm y 2.20 a 4.45 mm, respectivamente; el número de segmentos de 39 a 44 y el número de pares de patas de 69 a 81.