Fábio Ramos Alves

An analysis of the risk of cocoa moniliasis occurrence in Brazil as the result of climate change

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial risco de ocorrencia da moniliase e os impactos das mudancas climaticas sobre esta doenca nas decadas futuras, caso este patogeno sejam introduzida no Brasil. Para tal, elaboraram-se mapas de favorabilidade climatica a ocorrencia da moniliase no periodo atual e futuro. Os cenarios futuros empregados (A2 e B2) foram centrados nas decadas de 2020, 2050 e 2080. Estes cenarios foram obtidos a partir de seis modelos climaticos globais (MCGs) disponibilizados pelo terceiro relatorio do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudancas Climaticas (IPCC). No periodo atual existem extensas areas que apresentam condicoes de favorabilidade climatica a moniliase no Brasil, principalmente em regioes que apresentam alto risco de introducao do patogeno. Considerando os cenarios de aquecimento global previsto pelo IPCC, havera a reducao do potencial risco climatico de ocorrencia da moniliase no Brasil. Tal reducao e predita em ambos cenarios futuros, porem ocorrera de forma mais acentuada admitindo-se o cenario A2. No entanto, ainda havera areas que apresentaram condicoes de favorabilidade climatica ao desenvolvimento da doenca, principalmente nas maiores regioes produtoras do Brasil. Alem disso, tanto o patogeno como o hospedeiro poderao sofrer alteracoes com mudancas climaticas, o que influenciara magnitude dos seus impactos sobre este patossistema.

Deterioração da madeira de Eucalyptus spp. por fungos xilófagos

This research aimed to test the deteriorating ability of fungi isolated from Eucalyptus spp. wood and perform chemical analysis of wood deteriorated, to verify which components of wood suffered major changes in the light of the attack. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratorio de Biodeterioracao da Madeira, Departamento de Ciencias Florestais e da Madeira, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo in the municipality of Jeronimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil. A total of 12 fungi were used, and nine of these came from pure cultures isolated from fragments of stumps of eucalypt woods deteriorated, collected in three distinct locations, and three with recognized capacity of deterioration that were used as the standard of comparison. The Basidiomycetous fungi 1 and 2 showed high capacity of deterioration of Eucalyptus spp. The heartwood of eucalypt showed a greater natural resistance than the sapwood, but the fungi were able to degrade both them. In general, there were, an increase in the content of extractives in wood damaged (heartwood and sapwood), for Basidiomycetous 1 and Basidiomycetous 2. The heartwood of Eucalyptus grandis there was a decrease in extractives content for both Basidiomycetes. To the holocelulose (cellulose and hemicelluloses), there were small differences between the healthy and damaged wood (mean variations around 1 %). The Fungi, Basidiomycetous 2 caused a greater degradation of lignin as compared to the Basidiomycetous 1.

Efeitos de diferentes níveis de matéria orgânica no solo e de inóculo sobre a interação planta-Meloidogyne spp. e a produção massal de Pasteuria penetrans

The effects of four different proportions of cow manure, 0, 20, 33 and 50% (V:V) and three Meloidogyne spp. inoculum levels (3,000; 6,000 and 9,000 J2 per plant) on the phenol concentration in the tomato roots, in the nematode female development, the giant cells induced by the nematode and on the reproduction of Pasteuria penetrans were investigated. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with twelve replicates, and evaluated 50 days after inoculation. The size of nematode females was higher when the plants were inoculated with 3,000 J2. Higher proportion of females infected by P. penetrans was observed when the plants were cultivated in the substrate without cow manure or when plants were inoculated with 3,000 J2. Plants inoculated with 9,000 J2 and cultivated on substrate with 20% of cow manure yielded more endospores. The phenolic content in the roots increased as higher proportions of cow manure were used in the substrate or when the plants were inoculated with the highest number of nematodes. The giant cells of plants cultivated on substrate with 33 and 50% of cow manure were less numerous, smaller and had less nuclei number, demonstrating the deleterious effect of organic amendments on the giant cells, on the nematodes and on the P. penetrans reproduction.

Reaction of Cultivar Coffee 'Vitória INCAPER 8142' of Cornillon to Parasitism of Meloidogyne exigua

ABSTRACT Among factors limiting to the yield of the coffee crop are the diseases, deserving prominence the nematode Meloidogyne exigua . The objective of this work was to assess the level of resistance of 13 clones (1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V, 7V, 8V, 9V, 10V, 11V, 12V and 13V) wich composes the clonal variety ‘Vitoria INCAPER 8142’ of conilon coffee ( Coffea canephora Pierre), to M. exigua . The 13 clones and more one control ( C. arabica , cv. Catuai IAC-44) were inoculated with 7,000 individuals of M. exigua . After 180 days of inoculation, the final population of nematodes per root system was determined. For determination of the resistance levels, both the reproduction factor and the reduction of the reproduction factor were considered. The variety ‘Vitoria INCAPER 8142’ presented clones with different levels of resistance. Clones 1V, 4V, 7V, 9V and 12V behaved as susceptible or efficient host and the other clones were resistant or non-efficient host. Key words: Coffea canephora, clones, robust coffee, resistance, root-knot nematode.