Fabrizio Battisti

Benchmarking Multi-criteria Evaluation: A Proposed Method for the Definition of Benchmarks in Negotiation Public-Private Partnerships

In Italy, new processes of settlement transformation based on negotiation-type public-private partnerships (PPPN) have been standardised to cope with the degradation of many urban areas. However, these standards have not provided for benchmarks referring to the contents of partnerships or assessment procedures aimed at assessing the initiatives undertaken with respect to public utility objectives. This has often led to redevelopment initiatives geared more towards the satisfaction of private rather than public interests. The proposed methodology, structured on the integration of a Benchmarking process with multi-criteria evaluation techniques known as Benchmarking Multi-criteria Evaluation (BME) enables the definition of benchmarks through a participatory process of the different Stakeholders involved in a PPPN to which the BME is applied. The benchmarks can be used both for renewing the planning of the PPPN concerned and for verifying the quality of the initiatives within the same PPPN process.

Benchmarking multi-criteria evaluation methodology's application for the definition of benchmarks in a negotiation-type public-private partnership. A case of study: the integrated action programmes of the Lazio Region

The growing scarcity of public financial in Italy, in opposition of the more significant problems of degradation of many urban areas, prompted the Legislature to standardise new processes of settlement transformation based on negotiation-type public-private partnerships PPPN. However, these standards have not provided for benchmarks referring to the contents of partnerships or assessment procedures aimed at assessing the initiatives undertaken with respect to public utility objectives. This has often led to redevelopment initiatives geared more towards the satisfaction of private rather than public interests. The proposed methodology, structured on the integration of a benchmarking process with multi-criteria evaluation techniques known as benchmarking multi-criteria evaluation BME enables the definition of benchmarks through a participatory process of the different stakeholders involved in a PPPN to which the BME is applied. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed procedure, it has been applied to a type of PPPN: the integrated action programmes PII in the Lazio Region. The benchmarks can be used by Lazios administrators both for renewing the planning of the PII concerned and for verifying the quality of the initiatives within the same PPPN process.

Social Housing and Redevelopment of Building Complexes on Brownfield Sites: The Financial Sustainability of Residential Projects for Vulnerable Social Groups

The global economic crisis has caused a sharp contraction in many Italian productive sectors, with the construction industry experiencing a decline of about 22% over the last few years (2009-2013). In the residential property market, sale prices for houses have fallen by 40% and rental prices by 30% [. Despite a greater supply of housing at lower prices, there remains a significant demand for low-cost housing from lower-middle-income families, young couples, single-parent families and from non-resident and foreign university students. This is also due to the lack of public resources to create substantial policies to support social housing construction. Social Housing (SH) programmes, with joint financial support from public and private stakeholders, are aimed at responding to the demand for accommodation for rent at social rates, for sale at concessionary prices and/or for rent (with or without redemption) at controlled rates. At the same time, especially in large cities, there is a continuing need to initiate processes for the redevelopment of numerous public and private residential building complexes in brownfield sites that have become functionally obsolete and dilapidated. The implementation of urban and building redevelopment programmes in this situation requires the definition of management models and methods for assessing the financial sustainability of such programmes. This article, based on a contextual analysis of these market segments, outlines a methodological approach, tested on a restructuring proposal for the Corviale (Rome) building-city housing development, to assess the financial sustainability of redevelopment projects on brownfield sites, providing a new range of functions that include housing, student residences and services.

Evaluation and Management of Land-Development Processes Based on the Public-Private Partnership

In Italy, during the last few years (2008-2013), the processes of land development have stalled due to the economic and political situation of the Country. The lack of public resources available to enable the above mentioned processes, as well as a complex and incomplete legislative and regulatory framework are the main causes of the crisis affecting the construction industry. This industry, which has always assured a turnover of 20% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), should be revived through the development of public-private partnerships (PPP). This paper shows a working model of participatory management, based on PPP, which meets the purpose of supporting public administrations (PA) in a more efficient management of their lands development processes. The proposed model, inspired by the urban management experience developed in the city of Ladispoli (a best practise example), is based on European and International procedural and evaluation models. The models aim is to achieve public-interest objectives, within an articulated development initiative, based on a complex planning vision that involves a plurality of purposes, interventions, actors.

Rome: Re-Qualification Program for the Street Markets in Public-Private Partnership. A Further Proposal for the Flaminio II Street Market

In 2009 the Municipality of Rome (MR) started a re-qualification program for the street markets through the use of public-private partnership (PPP). This program concerns strategic areas and buildings within the city of Rome, including the Flaminio II street market located in Via Guido Reni in the Flaminio district. In summary, this paper intends to: i) examine the Flaminio II market pre-feasibility project elaborated by MR; ii) with reference to the PPP regulatory framework, show a further proposal to be compared with the proposal by MR. This further proposal represents the first alternative solution, drawn up in order to guarantee that following PPPs concerning street markets are approved by MR; it will be implemented in a concerted way, which will take into account the actual needs of the local stakeholders.

An Integrated Approach for the Assessment of Urban Transformation Proposals in Historic and Consolidated Tissues

The definition of a refurbishment intervention, in every step of the building process, brings to a complex decision problem; in a diachronic dimension of time, iterative and interactive must be put in relation a large variety of aspects with interrelations, concerning components, stakeholders and procedures that must be considered. The identification of the possible solutions depends on the construction of the evaluation procedures; shared goals with the stakeholders must be defined, on the basis of which can be assessed alternative intervention scenarios and make choices with regard to the matter under consideration. Thereby, in the present work a mixed method model in which are integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Strategic Planning Tools and Participation Techniques has been proposed to be applied to refurbishment intervention in historical fabrics.

Technical and Economic Evaluation of a Building Recovery by Public-Private Partnership in Rome (Italy)

The purpose of this article is to present the assessment procedure developed and operatively applied to verify the technical, regulatory, and financial conditions for implementing an intervention for the regeneration of a public buildings through a public/private/partnership operation. The proposed procedure aims to represent a methodological approach to support a public administration in: (i) defining the compatibility and sustainability of repurposing public buildings; (ii) proposing actual sustainable projects for private financing; (iii) assessing the soundness of the potential offers by private parties. Operatively speaking, the procedure was applied to the possibility of transforming a school (owned by the Province of Rome), located in Rome’s Testaccio neighborhood.

The Appraisal of Buildable Land for Property Taxation in the Adopted General Municipal Plan

In Italy, tax base for “Imposta Municipale Unica” related to the building area - made such by General Plan or its General Variation adopted but not approved - is the value (of the same building area) depending on the building potential of prediction even if not immediately exercisable. However, the building rights can be exercised only after: (i) the final approval of the General Plan/General Variation; (ii) the approval of the Implementation Plan required by Law; (iii) the issuance of certificates of permission building. This has produced in recent years several disputes between owners and local governments; the law did not give univocal solutions: today (2015) there is a conflict of case law relating to consider this areas absolutely as building areas, as well as it isn’t defined what estimating procedures should be used. In this paper, through the application of a model of financial mathematics, an approach that overcomes the conflict law related to the appraisal of the building areas included in General Plans/General Variation adopted but not yet approved, is proposed: the appraisal will be performed in relation to the time and variables between the time of the appraisal and the time (alleged) for the completion of the administrative procedure for obtaining authorizations to build.

A Model of Multi-criteria Analysis to Develop Italy’s Minor Airport System

In the forecasts related to air traffic in the period 2015-2030, as worldwide as in Italy, is expected a substantial increase in air traffic individual. In Italy, the development and increase of “individual” air traffic is closely linked to the construction of a network of second-level airport infrastructures for civil aviation (minor airports), suitably distributed throughout the national territory, efficient, accessible, interconnected with other means of transport and easy-to-use. A network structured in this way can also contribute to the improvement of the conditions of the context of peripheral areas.

A Procedure for Determining the Industrial Profitability of Settlement Interventions in the Appraisal of Exceptional Contribution of Urbanisation

The exceptional contribution of urbanisation (hereinafter simply exceptional contribution) is a regulatory obligation that represents an additional to the costs of primary and secondary urbanisation, at least equal to 50% of the greater value generated by projects in areas or buildings with modifications to town planning. The rule that introduced the exceptional contribution does not indicate the factors to be considered while evaluating the exceptional contribution, and consequently does not address the evaluation procedure to be used in determining its exact form. In this paper, an idea will be proposed regarding the urban development exceptional contribution as it has been applied in Italy both in regional regulations and in various Local Authorities. From this overview, the approach of the different LAs can be seen. Each has autonomously decided upon the adoption of an analytical procedure to estimate the Transformation Value to calculate the extra contribution. Subsequently, in light of the result of not considering a specific rate of return during the estimation of the exceptional contribution, a procedure is proposed for determining the rate of return to be considered in the indirect analytical procedure for estimating the Value of Transformation used to calculate the exceptional urbanisation contribution. The proposed procedure is based on the Build-up Method and will take the form of its operational declination, to be used when one has the coefficients representative of the areas of risk for the different factors that are typical of interventions of settlement transformation. To test the proposed procedure it has been applied to a case study: the evaluation of exceptional contribution in an Integrated Intervention Program in the Municipality of Grottaferrata (RM).