Faruk Pehlivanoglu

SOME VIRAL AND BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS OF DAIRY CATTLE DURING THE SUMMER SEASON

In this research, dairy cattle with respiratory system problems that were brought to a private slaughterhouse in Burdur province were investigated for viral and bacterial infections present in the summer season. The blood samples were collected from 56 animals. The samples were tested for antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) and bovine adenovirus 3 (BAV-3) by ELISA. Bacteriological cultivation was carried out from lung samples taken after cutting the same animals. The seropositivity rates which were determined for 5 viruses in cattle (BoHV- 1, BVDV, BRSV, BPIV-3 and BAV-3) were 7.14%, 50%, 94.64%, 94.64% and 82.14% respectively. The presence of antibodies against the viruses was as follows; 5.36% of cattle had antibodies against only one virus, 14.29% against two, 30.36% against three, 44.64% against four and 5.36% against five viruses. A total of 36 bacterial agents were isolated from 30 out of 56 lung samples. From the lung samples, only one bacterium was isolated from 39.3% (22/56) samples, and more than one bacterium from 14.3% (8/56). Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. were detected as the most often isolated agents. Compared to bacteria, the rates of viral infections associated with Escherichia coli (BRSV+BPIV-3+BAV- 3+Escherichia coli; 8.92% and BRSV+BPIV-3+Escherichia coli; 5.35%) were higher. As a consequence, it was thought that primary agents which were the viruses and bacteria may have attended as secondary factors in respiratory tract infections of dairy cattle.

Molecular Characterization of ESBL-Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Healthy Cattle and Sheep

Abstract The present study aims to characterize ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy cattle and sheep in the Burdur province of Turkey. Fecal samples from a total of 200 cattle and 200 sheep were tested and ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 31 (15.5%) cattle and three (1.5%) sheep samples using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s combined disk method. Among the ESBL gene classes detected by PCR, blaCTX-M was the most frequent type, followed by the blaTEM and blaSHV families. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed co-resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, phenicols, quinolones, folate pathway inhibitors and tetracyclines. The resistance rates were higher in the cattle isolates than in the sheep isolates. Phylogenetic grouping of the E. coli isolates indicated group A (particularly A1) was the predominant phylogenetic group (19/34, 55.9%), followed by groups B1 (9/34, 26.5%) and D (6/34, 17.6%); none of the isolates belonged to group B2. The study shows that ESBL-producing E. coli isolates exist in the intestinal flora of healthy cattle and sheep in the Burdur province of Turkey. This is the first report showing the emergence of CTX-M type ESBL-producing E. coli in sheep farms in Turkey

Bovine Coronavirus (BoCV) Infection in Calves with Diarrhoea and Their Dams

Background: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) is common with high seroprevalence in dairy cattle. It is reported in many countries. Also, BoCV causes diarrhea in dairy calves. The transmission of BoCV is the fecal-oral/aerosol-nasal routes. Feces from clinical cases or clinically normal dairy cattle are source of infection, also contamination of feed and water. The purpose of the current study was to investigate BoCV infection in diarrheic calves (age and sex) and their dams (age). For this reason, the serological and virological methods were used. Haematological parameters of the calves and their dams were compared using the statistical methods. Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, following clinical examination of 3500 cattle and their calves from 25 number of dairy farms 184 calves with diarrhoea and their dams (183) (≥2 - ≤6 age) were sampled for BoCV presence by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, all blood samples were examined by hematological methods. 172 (93.99%) cows and 172 (93.99%) calves were found antibodies (Ab) positive (+). The high levels of Ab for BoCV were detected as 36.05 % in dams 6 years and older ages. In the calves, Ab to BoCV were found at the highest level (25.26%) in the female calves ≥5 - ≤6 months ages. BoCV antigen (Ag) was detected in only faecal sample of a (0.54%) calf. When the haematological parameters were compared between BoCV Ab (+) and BoCV Ab negative (-) dams, only white blood cell (WBC) values were found statistically significant (P 5 and < 6 months of age. BoCV Ag (+) presence was detected in only one faecal sample of one calf out of 184. Researchers were found same or higher BoCV Ag(+) rates in faeces of diarrheic calves. In the study lymphocyte counts of seropositive cows and in Ab(+)/Ag(+) calves determined decrease. However, the counts in seropositive calves were increased. Leukocytes levels were also high in seropositive calves. Haematocrit values were decreased in seropositive cows, calves and in Ab(+)/Ag(-) calves. BoCV infections were detected at low level in diarrheic calves. But, BoCV seropositive mature and diarrheic calves were found at high levels. Haematological application methods could be used to be supportive with the serological and virological methods. All farm managements should be maintained with strict hygiene practices. Milking bottle, calf pens or hutches need to be sanitized. The calves must be prevent contamination from faeces and urine of other calves. The protective vaccination must be applied all animals.