Fatih Firat

The effect of Sertraline, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine and Escitalopram on testicular tissue and oxidative stress parameters in rats

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on testicular tissue and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male Wistar albino rats, 5.5-6 months old, were equally divided at random into five groups: group 1 was the control group, group 2 received sertraline 10mg/kg (p.o), group 3 was administered fluoxetine 10mg/kg (p.o), group 4 received escitalopram 10mg/kg (p.o), and group 5 (n = 8) was administered paroxetine 20mg/kg. Each dose was administered orally for two months. Johnsens criteria were used to categorize spermatogenesis. Johnsens method assigns a score of 1 to 10 to each tubule cross-section examined. In this system, a Johnsen score of 9 and 10 indicates normal histology. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels were evaluated. Serum MDA levels were also measured. RESULTS The mean Johnsen scores were 9.36 ± 0.33, 9.29 ± 0.32, 8.86 ± 0.48, 9.10 ± 0.56, and 8.33 ± 0.90 in control group, sertraline group, fluoxetine group, escitalopram group, and paroxetine group, respectively. The Johnsen score was significantly lower for paroxetine group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The mean FSH level increased only in the sertraline group. With the exception of the fluoxetine group, the testosterone levels were lower in all groups compared with the control group. The total testosterone level was significantly lower in the sertraline group compared with the control group [40.87 (22.37-46.8) vs. 15.87 (13.53-19.88), p < 0.01]. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the MDA and LH levels (p = 0.090 and p = 0.092). CONCLUSION These data suggest that SSRIs have a negative effect on testicular tissues. This negative impact is markedly greater in the paroxetine group. To determine the exact mechanism of action of these drugs on testicular tissue, well-designed randomized controlled clinical studies are needed on a larger population.

The effect of carvedilol on serum and tissue oxidative stress parameters in partial ureteral obstruction induced rat model

Although the pathological mechanism underlying kidney damage is not completely understood, it has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during ureteral obstruction may play an important role in this process. Carvedilol has been used in a limited number of studies examining oxidative injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carvedilol on serum and tissue oxidative stress parameters in the partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO)‐induced rat model. To our knowledge, the protective effects of carvedilol in the PUUO‐induced rat model have not been reported. Twenty‐six male Wistar albino rats, age 5.5 to 6 months and weighing 250 to 300 g, were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups. In Group 1 (n = 9), the control group, a sham operation was performed. In Group 2 (n = 8), the PUUO group, the left ureter was embedded into the psoas muscle to create PUUO and maintained for 7 days. In Group 3 (n = 9), carvedilol was orally administered to the rats (2 mg/kg). After the establishment of PUUO, carvedilol was given for the following 7 days. After partial unilateral ureteral obstruction, a nephrectomy was performed to determine the blood and tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO). The median SOD, MDA, PC, and NO levels in the tissues were 0.006 U/mg protein, 5.11 nmol/g protein, 4.31 nmol/mg protein, and 0.337 μmol/g protein in the control group, respectively. There was a significant increase in tissue SOD (p = 0.014), MDA (p = 0.002), and NO (p = 0.004) levels in Group 2. However, a statistically significant difference was not observed in PC (p = 0.847) enzymatic activity in Group 2. When compared with Group 2, carvedilol treatment caused a reduction in NO (p = 0.003), and PC (p = 0.001) activities in Group 3. The serum SOD (p = 0.004), MDA (p = 0.043), PC (p = 0.043), and NO (p = 0.001) levels were significantly different in Group 3 compared with Group 2. Administration of carvedilol also reduced the detrimental histopathologic effects caused by PUUO. According to histopathological examination of the renal tissues, the inflammation rates were 22.2%, 87.5% and 33.3% in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.05). The results of the present study show that partial unilateral ureteral obstruction caused oxidative stress in the serum and kidney tissues of rats, and treatment with carvedilol reduced the harmful effects of ureteral obstruction.

Effects of melatonin on partial unilateral ureteral obstruction induced oxidative injury in rat kidney

Aim: This experimental study was designed to produce ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney by performing partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) and investigated the effects of melatonin on the levels of oxidative injury parameters. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows; control group (Group 1); only nephrectomy and blood (5 ml) drawn from vena cava inferior, PUUO group (Group 2); PUUO (10 days)+ipsilateral nephrectomy after recovery of PUUO+blood from vena cava inferior VCI, melatonin treated group (Group 3); PUUO (10 days)+melatonin (1/2 hr before release, 50 mg/kg, ip)+ipsilateral nephrectomy after recovery of PUUO+blood from VCI. The left ureter was embedded into the psoas muscle to create PUUO. After 10 days, PUUO was recovered and ipsilateral nephrectomies were performed for biochemical analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and protein carbonyl (PC) in the tissues and blood was drawn from inferior vena cava to study the same parameters in systemic circulation. The results were compared statistically. Results: The blood levels of MDA, NO, and PC were increased in the PUUO group in comparison to the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Melatonin treatment reduced MDA, NO, and PC levels in blood after PUUO recovery, but statistically significance consisted only for MDA and NO (P<0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px) were increased in the PUUO group (P<0.05). Melatonin treatment reduced SOD and GSH-Px activities in comparison with the sham-operated control group (P<0.05). Similarly, renal tissue levels of MDA, NO, and PC were increased in the PUUO group in comparison with the sham-operated group (P<0.05). Melatonin treatment ameliorated MDA, NO, and PC levels in renal tissue after PUUO recovery only MDA was statistically significant (P<0.05). Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) were increased in the PUUO group. Melatonin treatment caused reduction in SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in comparison to the sham-operated control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that experimentally induced PUUO caused oxidative stress in rat kidney and melatonin treatment reduced oxidative stress and therefore may have a preventive effect on PUUO induced oxidative kidney damage in rats.

Comparison the Efficacy of Four Different Alpha Blockers in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

27 Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine | Doğan Atılgan, Adem Yaşar, Fikret Erdemir, Bekir Süha Parlaktaş, Nihat Uluocak, Fatih Fırat Üroloji Anabilim Dalı, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Tokat, Türkiye. Benign Prostat Hiperplazisi Tedavisinde Alfa Blokör Tedavisi The Alpha Blockers in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign Prostat Hiperplazisi Tedavisinde Kullanılan Dört Alfa Blokör Ajanın Etkinliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

Paratesticular Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.483 Received: 24.11.2010 Accepted: 28.11.2010 Printed: 01.04.2012 J Clin Anal Med 2012;3(2): 227-30 Corresponding Author: Fatih Fırat, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Üroloji Anabilim Dalı, 60100, Merkez, Tokat, Türkiye. T.: +905057953112 E-Mail: ffrat60@yahoo.com, ffrat60@gmail.com Özet Spermatik kord kaynaklı leiomyosarkomlar oldukça nadir görülmektedir. Altmış beş yaşında erkek hasta 4 aydır olan ağrısız sağ inguinal kitle şikayeti ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Hastanın herhangi bir üriner sistem semptomu veya travma öyküsü yoktu. Fizik muayenede inguinal bölgede yaklaşık 3x5 cm boyutlarında sert, mobil ve hassas olmayan kitle saptandı. İnguinal herni tespit edilmedi. Testiküler tümör belirteçlerine (αFP, beta HCG) ilave olarak diğer rutin biyokimyasal ve hematolojik tetkikler normal sınırlar içindeydi. Skrotal ve inguinal bölge ultrasonografisinde sağ inguinal bölgede yaklaşık 44x30x54 mm boyutlarında spesifik olmayan heterojen yapıda kitle saptandı. Sağ testis ve epididim normal olarak rapor edildi. Hastaya inguinal yaklaşımla internal inguinal ring seviyesinde kord ligasyonu ile radikal orşiektomi yapıldı. Ayrıca herni onarımıda yapıldı. Patolojik inceleme paratestiküler leiomyosarkom olarak rapor edildi. Bu patoloji sonucunda adjuvan kemoterapi veya radyoterapi verilmesi düşünülmedi. Operasyon sonrası 6. ayda lokal nüks veya uzak metastaz saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak spermatik kord sarkomları her ne kadar oldukça nadir olarak görülselerde özellikle yaşlı erkeklerde palpabl skrotal ya da inguinal kitlelerin ayırıcı tanılarında daima gözönünde bulundurulmalıdırlar.

The effect of atorvastatin on penile intracavernosal pressure and cavernosal morphology in normocholesterolemic rats

OBJECTIVE A debate is open on the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on sexual function. We aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin use on penile intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and cavernosal morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourteen mature male Sprague-Dawley-rats were randomly assigned to either the control group (which received standard food and water ad libitum) or the atorvastatin group (which received standard food, water, and statin) for twelwe weeks. At the end of the study, ICPs were measured with cavernosometry. Penectomy specimens were histologically examined. RESULTS The following mean values were obtained for the control and atorvastatin groups, respectively: pre-study body weights (350±16.9 g and 331.4±24.9 g); post-study body weights (356±18 g and 368±22.5 g (p>0.05); ICPs at 5 V (5.96±5.16 mmHg and 2.11±1.22 mmHg (p=0.07)); ICPs at 10 V (18.28±14.1 mmHg and 5.56±5.58 mmHg) (p=0.09); testosterone (1.23±0.78 and 0.78±0.58 mmol/dL) (p=0.39); blood glucose (151±22 mg/dL and 168.6±16.2 mg/dL) (p=0.12); triglyceride (93.4±19.8 mg/dL and 52.1±18.6 mg/dL) (p=0.01); total cholesterol (50.2±7.2 mg/dL and 47.7±6.6 mg/dL) (p=0.51); and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (10.0±4.4 mg/dL and 3.5±2.1 mg/dL) (p=0.01). The mean collagen thickness was similar (p=0.09); but the mean elastin thickness increased in the atorvastatin group (p=0.01). CONCLUSION The present study showed that the use of atorvastatin reduced the intracavernosal pressure in 10 V stimulation, and minimally decreased testosterone levels in rats, within a short period of time. When statin treatment is considered for its protective properties on cardiovascular system or for its lipid-lowering effect. It should be kept in mind that atorvastatin may also adversely contribute to erectile dysfunction.

Evaluation of the effects of omega-3 & interferon alpha-2b administration on partial bladder outlet obstruction in a rat model

Background & objectives: In bladder outlet obstruction-induced rat models, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and collagen ratios have been shown to be increased. Increased TGF-β leads to fibrosis. In this study, the effect of omega-3 and interferon alpha-2b (IFN α-2b) was investigated on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in bladder structure in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) rat model. Methods: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 300-350 g, were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into five groups. At the end of the experimental period, bladders were harvested from all the rats, and pathological analysis of the rat bladder tissues was performed. In addition, investigations were carried out with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems to study the antioxidant properties of omega-3 fatty acid and IFN alpha-2b. Results: Increased bladder weight in the PBOO group, in comparison to the control group, was decreased by the administration of omega-3 and IFN α-2b (P=0.002). Significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected in group 2 in comparison to the control group. It was also detected that serum SOD, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly higher in group 2 when compared to the control group (P<0.05). In the pathologic evaluation, group 2 showed significantly increased inflammation and fibrosis compared to the control group. Omega-3 treatment significantly decreased inflammation. It was shown that IFN α-2b application partially decreased inflammation. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of the present study showed that in addition to the standard primary approaches to prevent the damage to the upper urinary tract secondary to PBOO, omega-3 fatty acid and IFN α-2b could be beneficial as adjunct treatment in clinical practice. However, this needs to be further investigated with prospective, randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes.

SWL Results and Complications at Tokat Devlet Hastanesi

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.1771 Received: 09.05.2013 Accepted: 24.07.2013 Printed: 01.03.2015 J Clin Anal Med 2015;6(2): 193-5 Corresponding Author: Adem Yaşar, Üroloji Kliniği, Tokat Devlet Hastanesi, Tokat, Türkiye. GSM: +905055607039 E-Mail:ademyasar80@yahoo.com Özet Amaç: Hastanemiz extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ünitesinde üreter veya böbrek lokalizasyonundaki taşlara yapılan extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy sonuçlarımızı değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ekim 2011Ekim 2012 tarihleri arasında renal veya üreteral taş tanısı ile extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy yapılan 81 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ortalama takip süresi 33.5 gün idi. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uygulanan hastaların 50’sinde böbrekte, 31’inde ise taş üreterde lokalize idi. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ile tedavi edilen taşların pelvis, üst kaliks, orta kaliks yada alt kaliks olmasına göre lokalizasyon oranları sırasıyla %40, %26, %24, %10 iken üst üreter yada orta üreter lokalizasyon oranları ise sırasıyla %77.5, %22.5 olarak tespit edildi. Taşların odaklanması elipsoid odaklama özelliği olan c kollu skopi ile yapıldı. Tüm extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uygulamaları, Stonelith-V3 litotriptör ile aynı üroloji doktoru hekimi tarafından yapıldı. Her bir hasta için ortalama şok sayısı 2865, voltaj ise 19 kv idi. Bulgular: Ortalama 33.5 günlük takip süresi sonunda üreter ve böbrek de taşsızlık oranları sırasıyla %87 ve %82 olarak tespit edildi. Tartışma: Üriner sistem taş hastalığı teknoloji ilerlemesine rağmen extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ucuz ve etkili olması ile tedavide ön planda olmaya devam etmektedir.