Fatih Gul

Insecticidal Activity of Fatty Acid-Rich Turkish Bryophyte Extracts Against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The composition of fatty acids and insecticidal effects was performed for the Turkish mosses Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Polytrichastrum formosum, Homalothecium lutescens and the Turkish liverwort Conocephalum conicum. All structures were determined by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The determination of fatty acids was done using a simple and mild method that utilized different solvent extractions ranging from nonpolar to polar solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively), and the samples were powdered with and without liquid nitrogen. The correlations between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents depending on the solvent polarity and their crushing process by liquid nitrogen were observed. The insecticidal activity of the bryophytes was analyzed by using the methanol, hexane and esterified methanol extracts. The hexane extracts of Polytrichastrum formosum showed the highest insecticidal activity (70.33%) against Sitophilus granarius. Contact toxicity activities of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids besides single dose studies of the solvent extracts were carried out. The highest mortality rate (53.34%) was obtained from the myristic acid among the tested pure fatty acids. The activities of palmitic and lauric acids were 17.75% and 4.32%, respectively.

Phytochemical screening and anti-inflammatory properties of Algerian Hertia cheirifolia methanol extract

Abstract Context: Hertia cheirifolia L. (Asteraceae) is traditionally used in Northern Africa to treat various inflammatory infections. However, few studies on this plant have been reported. Objective: The anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of H. cheirifolia leaves was investigated using different experimental models. Materials and methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine phenolic compounds. Acute toxicity of the extract (2000u2009mg/kg) was examined in Swiss albino mice for 14 days, before croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice, carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Swiss albino rats, cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats and carrageenan-induced air pouch in mice were conducted. The IL-1β and TNF-α release from concanavalin A-stimulated monocytes was measured by ELISA. Results: Methanol extract of H. cheirifolia is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. Cinnamic acid and rutin represent the major constituents. Methanol extract up to 2000u2009mg/kg did not produce any toxic effects. Topical application of 2u2009mg/ear of the extract produced 78.7% of inhibition on ear swilling. Oral pre-treatment of rats with 200 and 400u2009mg/kg of the extract inhibited paw oedema by 70% and 89%, respectively. At 200u2009mg/kg, granuloma dry and wet weights were reduced by 41.85% and 61.72%, respectively. Moreover, the treatment with methanol extract at 1u2009mg/kg exerted 62.7% of inhibition on leucocytes migrated into the ear pouch. TNF-α and IL-1β release was reduced by 69% and 78%, respectively, with 1u2009μg/mL of the extract. Conclusion: Methanol extract of H. cheirifolia possesses a strong anti-inflammatory activity and may be considered an interesting source of effective anti-inflammatory compounds.

Chemical constituents and antiproliferative effects of cultured Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major against cancerous cell lines.

Abstract In this study, the effect of Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major on Vero cells (African green monkey kidney), C6 cells (rat brain tumor cells) and HeLa cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. The antiproliferative effect of the methanol extract of M. nummuloides and S. major compared with 5-fluorourasil (5-FU) and cisplatin was tested at various concentrations using the BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA. Both M. nummuloides and S. major extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of Vero, HeLa and C6 cancer cell lines with IC50 and IC75 values. The M. nummuloides extract exhibited higher activity than 5-FU and cisplatin on Vero and C6 cells at high concentrations. The S. major extract revealed better antifproliferative activity than standards against Vero cells at 500 μg/mL. The compounds of methanol extracts were determined by GC-MS after the silylation process. Trehalose, monostearin and 1-monopalmitin were detected as major products in the M. nummuloides extract where as in the S. major extract; monostearin, 1-monopalmitin and hexyl alcohol were the main constituents.

Extraction, isolation of heat-resistance phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties, characterization and purification of 5-hydroxymaltol from Turkish apple pulps

Apple pulps (AP) were obtained as a side product in fruit juice factories and contains valuable phenolic compounds. The dried AP was subjected to extraction with water, ethyl acetate (APEA) and n-butanol (APBU), respectively. 5-Hydroxymaltol (5-HM) was isolated and confirmed by NMR techniques. The HPLC-TOF/MS analysis revealed the presence of 16 components including major components of morine, gentisic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and fumaric acid. The antioxidant activities were evaluated with total antioxidant activity, reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, metal chelating, free radical and H2O2 scavenging activities. 5-HM, APEA and APBU exhibited the in vitro antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent and moderate manner. The IC50 values were effective for free radical scavenging activity of 5-HM (8.22u202fμgu202fmL-1), H2O2 scavenging activity for APEA (8.12u202fμgu202fmL-1) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation for APEA (0.93u202fμgu202fmL-1). The 5-HM and APEA have antioxidant capacities and also feasible to apply variety in vivo tests.

Phytochemicals of Chrysophthalmum montanum (DC.) Boiss. Roots and Their Antiproliferative Activities Against HeLa and C6 Cell Lines

Pre-fractionation and contemporary spectroscopic analysis provides important clues with regard to synergistic and antagonistic effects as well as biological activities in complex multi-mixtures, especially natural products. Phytochemical contents of the Chrysophthalmum montanum root extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography–time of flight/mass spectrometry. Furthermore, biological activity of root extract was investigated by antiproliferative efficiencies against human uterus carcinoma and rat brain tumor cells in vitro. The biological activity tests were carried out as dose-dependent assay using a multiwell spectrophotometer. 5-Fluorouracil was used as standard anticancer drug. Total 61 lipophilic components were identified quantitatively from the sub-fraction of n-hexane in which saturated fatty acids (33.06%), unsaturated fatty acids (21.03%) and other organic components (43.35%). Twenty three hydrophilic components, 16 phenolic and 7 flavonoid compounds, were quantified in the hydrophilic sub-fractions obtained from the C. montanum roots. Among the hydrophilic components, the vanillic acid was analyzed as 46.463xa0±xa00.167xa0mg compound/g dry extract in the sub-fraction dichloromethane. The linoleic acid was analyzed as a substantial component (8.13%) in the sub-fraction n-hexane. The highest antiproliferative activities were obtained from the sub-fraction dichloromethane against HeLa cells (IC50xa0=xa036.53xa0μg/mL) and the sub-fraction n-hexane against C6 cells (IC50xa0=xa011.98xa0μg/mL). No cytotoxic effect was observed from these sub-fractions.

Variations in the Bioactive Compounds Composition and Biological Activities of Loofah (Luffa cylindrica) Fruits in Relation to Maturation Stages

The present work aimed to determine the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of Luffa cylindrica fruits collected at two different maturation stages and to identify and compare their functional components composition. The MeOH extracts of L. cylindrica fruits harvested at 60 – 65 days after seeding (S1) and 85 – 90 days after seeding (S2) were investigated for their antioxidant activity using various assays. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts against HeLa human cervical cancer cells was explored with xCELLigence real time cell analyzer, while the effect of the samples on the membrane integrity of the same cell line was assessed using LDH cytotoxicity leakage assay. Ultimately, the phytochemicals were analyzed using GC/MS and HPLC/TOF‐MS. The S1 sample had higher contents and more diversity in the phenolic compounds composition than S2. Furthermore, the S1 extract showed the highest antioxidant and antiproliferative activity, while the S2 extract had higher cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. The findings revealed that the time of harvest has a big impact on the phytochemicals content and activity and that harvesting L. cylindrica at an early stage before the beginning of the development of the cellulose fibrous system is recommended for a rich phytochemical composition and efficient antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Centaurea choulettiana Pomel (Asteraceae) Extracts

AIM AND OBJECTIVEnThis study aimed to quantify phenolic compounds in ethyl acetate and n-butanol extract of Centaurea choulettiana Pomel (Asteraceae) leaves and flowers; compare the antioxidant activity of their extracts, identification and quantification of their phenolic acids.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnBoth organs extracts of Centaurea choulettiana Pomel were investigated and evaluated for their potential antioxidant properties using total phenolics and flavonoids content, DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. HPLC-TOF/MS analyses were carried out to identify and quantify some phenolic acids.nnnRESULTSnThe amounts of phenolic and flavonoid content were higher in ethyl acetate extract of leaves (325.81 ± 0.038 mgGAE and 263.73 ± 0.004 mgQE /g of extract) respectively. Besides, this extract exhibited the most powerful effect on the DPPH radical scavenging activity with (96.54%), on lipid peroxydation inhibition (64.17%). Ethyl acetate extract of leaves and flowers were found to contain almost the same phenolic compounds, with the leaves having the highest values. Chlorogenic acid was detected in the n-butanol extract of flowers with the highest concentration 17.78 mg/kg plant.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Centaurea choulettiana possesses strong antioxidative properties in vitro. They are confirmed by high polyphenols and flavonoids content. The HPLC-TOF/MS analysis reveals the presence of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid and protocatechuic acid.