Fatma Öz

Evaluation of group counseling for women with breast cancer in Turkey.

Background:Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women. Health services for breast cancer patients should give high priority to the social and psychological realities experienced by those dealing with the ramifications of their illness. Psychosocial interventions and group counseling for patients have been shown to be highly effective in the care of breast cancer patients. Objective:This study was conducted to determine the effects of group counseling on the adaptation of breast cancer patients to their illness. Methods:Sessions are made weekly, and each session lasted about 1.5 to 2 hours, and the researchers attended all sessions together. Pretests were administered to the patients at the first of the 10 group sessions, and posttests were administered at the last group session. Pretest/posttest pattern data were collected from 56 breast cancer patients using the Ways of Coping Inventory, the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale–Self-report, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. These were evaluated using the SPSS 9.0 statistical package. Results:After group counseling, patients showed an increase in their positive perceptions of social support, psychosocial adaptation, and in their abilities to cope with breast cancer. Conclusions:The findings indicate that this group-counseling program positively affected patients’ perceived social support and enhanced their abilities to effectively cope with stress. Implications for Practice:Cancer patients can have various problems in the adaptation process to cancer. Therefore, oncology nurses should be actively involved in working with patients to find solutions and ways of coping with the issues they face.

Evalution of a Smoking Cessation Psychoeducational Program for Nurses

&NA; This research was designed as an interventional research to investigate the effects of smoking cessation behaviors among nurses through a psychoeducational program. The program focused on psychosocial and behavioral counseling interventions. Fifty‐two nurses who smoked at least 1 cigarette a day and worked at Hacettepe University were included in this study. The structured program consisted of 10 sessions with 3 follow‐ups. After the treatment, results indicated that self‐efficacy and stress management averages increased significantly while brief symptoms inventory scores significantly decreased. In addition, at the end of the intervention, nearly half of the participants were successful in smoking cessation. Although the cessation rates had decreased during the follow‐up, they were considerably lower than the rate of participants who had initially quit smoking.

The Effectiveness of Empowerment Program on Increasing Self-Esteem, Learned Resourcefulness, and Coping Ways in Women Exposed to Domestic Violence

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of empowerment program on increasing self-esteem, learned resourcefulness, and coping ways in women exposed to domestic violence. This experimental study was conducted between October 2012 and June 2014 in the obstetrics and gynaecology departments of the Giresun Maternity Hospital, and at the Family Counseling Center (FCC) in Turkey. Sixty women who agreed to participate in the study were randomly assigned into two groups. Data were collected by the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI), The Rosenbaums Learned Resourcefulness Scale (RLRS), and the Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI). The assessment of the women before and after the empowerment program showed that women in the intervention group showed significant improvements in the SEI, RLRS, and WCI scores compared with controls. These results suggest that the empowerment program is an effective practice for increasing the levels of self-esteem, learned resourcefulness, and coping ways of women exposed to domestic violence.

The Effects and Stigma of Mental Illness in Turkey

This study was planned to determine internalized stigma of patients who were monitored in the psychiatry clinics due to mental problems. It was determined that there was significant difference between the patients’ mean internalized stigma total scores between subscale scores and their gender, job, the place that the patient was raised in, educational status, working status, income level, the period spent after the diagnosis, hospitalization status, the hospital monitoring the patient and the diagnosis. It is suggested that counseling services should be planned in order to identify negative impact of the factors that influence coping with internalized stigma.

Effect of various bleaching treatments on shear bond strength of different universal adhesives and application modes

Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of 2 universal adhesives used in different application modes to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods Extracted 160 sound human incisors were used for the study. Teeth were divided into 4 treatment groups: No treatment, 35% hydrogen peroxide, 16% carbamid peroxide, 7.5% carbamid peroxide. After bleaching treatments, groups were divided into subgroups according to the adhesive systems used and application modes (n = 10): 1) Single Bond Universal, etch and rinse mode; 2) Single Bond Universal, self-etch mode; 3) Gluma Universal, etch and rinse mode; 4) Gluma Universal, self-etch mode. After adhesive procedures nanohybrid composite resin cylinders were bonded to the enamel surfaces. All specimens were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test after thermocycling. Data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test. Results No significant difference were found among bleaching groups (35% hydrogen peroxide, 16% carbamid peroxide, 7.5% carbamid peroxide, and no treatment groups) in the mean SBS values. There was also no difference in SBS values between Single Bond Universal and Gluma Universal at same application modes, whereas self-etch mode showed significantly lower SBS values than etch and rinse mode (p < 0.05). Conclusions The bonding performance of the universal adhesives was enhanced with the etch and rinse mode application to bleached enamel and non-bleached enamel.

Bond strength of three different universal adhesives after different thermal cycling protocols

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the bond strength of three different universal adhesives on enamel after different aging periods. Ninety enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into three groups according to different universal adhesive systems (n = 30): iBOND Universal (IB), G-Premio Bond (GP), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CU). All adhesives were applied at etch&rinse mode. A cylinder-shaped resin composite was placed on enamel surfaces and light cured. Then all specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and divided into 3 thermal cycling protocol groups (n = 10): No thermal cycling (NTC), 10,000 thermal cycles (10TC), 40,000 thermal cycles (40TC). Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test at a universal testing machine. Failure modes were determined and SEM analyses were performed for each failure mode. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test. The highest SBS values were observed at NTC groups. The 40TC groups showed significantly lower SBS values than other groups (p < 0.05). The highest mean SBS values were obtained in IB at NTC group (p < 0.05). After 10TC, all universal adhesives exhibited similar SBS values (p > 0.05), however after 40TC, CU showed higher SBS than GP. The mean shear bond strength to enamel was significantly affected by thermal cycling (p < 0.05). The enamel bond durability of universal adhesives dractically decreased after 10,000 and 40,000 thermal cycling periods. The universal adhesives tested showed different SBS values at NTC and after 40TC.

Comparison of different base materials on fracture strength of mesio-occlusal-distal composite restorations

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different base materials on fracture strength of mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted, intact maxillary molar teeth with standardized, deep MOD cavities were randomly assigned into four groups according to the base material placed: Control group (CO); no base material, SDR group; bulk-fill flowable composite, CGIC group; chemically curing glass ionomer cement (GIC), and RGIC group; light curing resin reinforced GIC. All the specimens were then restored with a nanocomposite (CeramX Duo/Dentsply) in combination with etch and rinse adhesive following the manufacturers instructions. After aging fracture, strength of the specimens was tested by the application of a ramped oblique load to the buccal cusp in a universal testing machine. Mean fracture strength values for each group were calculated and compared using one-way ANOVA (P = 0.05). Fracture patterns of the specimens were also evaluated. Results: The mean loads necessary to fracture the samples were as follows: control: 819.22 ± 253.65; SDR: 694.46 ± 266. 55; CGIC: 559.15 ± 277.34; RGIC 861.87 ± 277.28: N. The control and RGIC groups showed significantly higher fracture strength than CGIC and SDR groups (P < 0.05). Although the mean fracture strength value of SDR group was higher than that of CGIC group, the difference between these groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Most frequently observed fracture patterns were adhesive (58.3%) in CO, cohesive (50%) in SDR group, cohesive (83.3%) in CGIC group, and mixed (41.7%) in RGIC group. Conclusions: Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement as a base material or restoration of the tooth only with composite resin resulted in higher fracture strength than composite resin restoration with a conventional glass ionomer base or a flowable bulk-fill material. Fracture pattern distributions diversed according to the base material placed under composite restoration.

Effects of two different bleaching agents on surface roughness and microhardness of different novel nano-restorative materials

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 15% hydrogen peroxide (Illuminé Office) and 16% carbamide peroxide (VivaStyle) on the surface roughness and hardness of nano-restoratives. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 specimens of each material were fabricated using Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (Group1), Tetric EvoFlow (Group2) and Ketac N100 (Group3). Each group were divided into 3 subgroups and treated as follows: Group 1a, 2a, 3a was treated with Illuminé Office, Group 1b, 2b, 3b was treated with VivaStyle, Group 1c, 2c, 3c was stored in distilled water at 37°C for two weeks (control). Surface roughness and microhardness tests were performed. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of roughness and microhardness among Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Tetric EvoFlow groups, seperately (P > 0.05). Illuminé Office increased the roughness and decreased the microhardness of Ketac N100 (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Bleaching may affect the roughness and microhardness of nano-restoratives depending on material and bleaching system.