Federico C. Ocampo

Larvae of Ceratocanthidae and Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): study of morphology, phylogenetic analysis and evidence of paraphyly of Hybosoridae

Abstract.  Larvae of the scarabaeoid genera Germarostes Paulian, Cyphopisthes Gestro, Paulianostes Ballerio, Ceratocanthus White, Pterorthochaetes Gestro, Madrasostes Paulian, Astaenomoechus Martínez & Pereira (Ceratocanthidae) and Hybosorus Macleay, Phaeochrous Castelnau, and Anaides Westwood (Hybosoridae) are described, keyed and illustrated with fifty‐seven drawings. A phylogenetic analysis of these two families based on larval morphology is presented. Fifty‐four larval morphological and three biological characters from twenty‐seven taxa revealed nineteen equally parsimonious cladograms. The monophyly of (Ceratocanthidae + Hybosoridae) is supported by four unambiguous unique synapomorphies: dorsal medial endocarina on cranium extended anteriorly into frontal sclerite; presence of large membranous spot on apical antennomere; labium dorsally with four pores in centre (secondarily reduced to two pores in some groups); and presence of stridulatory organ on fore‐ and middle legs (secondarily reduced in some groups). Our analysis suggests that the family Hybosoridae is paraphyletic with respect to Ceratocanthidae. The clade comprising the hybosorid genera Hybosorus and Phaeochrous is the sister group of the remaining Hybosoridae plus Ceratocanthidae. It is supported by two unambiguous synapomorphies: two apical antennomeres completely joined and the stridulatory organ represented by seven to nine large teeth anteriorly on the middle leg. The hybosorid genus Anaides is a sister group to the remaining Hybosoridae plus Ceratocanthidae (without Hybosorus and Phaeochrous) and the ceratocanthid genus Germarostes is a sister group to the remaining Hybosoridae plus Ceratocanthidae (without Hybosorus, Phaeochrous and Anaides). The ceratocanthid genera Cyphopisthes, Astaenomoechus, Paulianostes, Pterorthochaetes, and Madrasostes constitute a sister group to the hybosorid genus Cryptogenius and are supported by the presence of two reversions: two dorsal pores on labium and completely reduced stridulatory organs on fore‐ and middle legs.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Eucraniini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

A phylogenetic analysis of the New World Eucraniini was conducted using cladistics. The tribe is monophyletic based on an analysis of 64 morphological characters. The flying Ennearabdus is the sister taxon to the three flightless genera, Anomiopsoides, Eucranium, and Glyphoderus, and Anomiopsoides and Glyphoderus share a common ancestor. The relationship of the eucraniines to other tribes of Scarabaeinae, dung preference, a comparison to the flightless southwest African genus Pachysoma, and the biogeography of the tribe are also discussed.

Food Relocation Behavior and Synopsis of the Southern South American Genus Glyphoderus Westwood (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini)

Abstract The Argentinean endemic Eucraniini genus Glyphoderus Westwood is redescribed, a key to species and a synopsis of the three known species, G. centralis Burmeister, G. monticola Burmeister, and G. sterquilinus (Westwood) is presented. The biology and food relocation behavior of the three species are described. A key to genera of the tribe Eucranini is also presented.

A Review of the Genus Hylamorpha Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina)

Abstract The southern Neotropical genus Hylamorpha (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini: Brachysternina) is comprehensively reviewed. Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) is now the only species in the genus with H. cylindrica Arrow entered into new synonymy. Hylamorpha elegans var. australis Philippi is recognized as an unavailable name. Hylamorpha elegans is established as the type species for the genus, and a neotype for H. elegans is designated. Nomenclatural history, descriptions, illustrations, and commentary are included.

Tyrannasorus Rex Ratcliffe and Ocampo, a New Genus and Species of Miocene Hybosorid in Amber from the Dominican Republic (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae)

Abstract Tyrannasorus rex Ratcliffe and Ocampo (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae), a new genus and new species of fossil hybosorid, is described from the Dominican Republic. This fossil scarabaeoid is embedded in the amber resin of Hymenaea protera Poinar (Leguminosae), and it dates from the Miocene.

PROCOILODES ADRASTUS OCAMPO, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MIOCENE HYBOSORID IN AMBER FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA: HYBOSORIDAE)

Abstract Procoilodes adrastus Ocampo (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae), a new genus and species of fossil hybosorid, is described from the Dominican Republic. The fossil is embedded in amber resin of Hymenaea protera Poinar (Leguminosae) and dates from the Miocene.

A New Species of Hybochaetodus Arrow (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Hybosoridae: Anaidini) from Peru

Abstract Hybochaetodus flaco Ocampo, new species, from Cusco, Peru is described and illustrated. The genus Hybochaetodus now includes two species, H. flaco and H. obscurus Arrow, both from Peru. The two species are compared and a diagnosis for the genus Hybochaetodus Arrow is provided.