Felipe de Bacco

Modificações no perfil do paciente submetido à operação de revascularização do miocárdio

INTRODUCTION: The improvement in care and management of ischemic heart disease and the dissemination of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) changed the indications for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), regarding procedures for patientswith multivessel disease in bad clinical conditions. OBJECTIVE: To compare surgical and clinical profiles between two groups of CABG patients at a 10 year interval observing the influence on hospital mortality rates. METHOD: Retrospective Cohort study, including 307 CABG patients operated on in 1991to 1992 (n=153) and 2001 to 2002 (n=154). Demographic characteristics, heart disease severity, comorbidities and pre-operative events were evaluated and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Patients operated in 2001 and 2002 were older, more severely ill (in a worse NYHA classand had higher prevalence of heart failure, and multi-vessel involvement) and with more co-morbidities. Patients operated in 1991 and 1992 had more urgent procedures. The observed surgical mortality rates were similar (3.3% and 1.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to CABG currently are older and in worse clinical conditions than those operated 10 years ago, but hospital mortality has not altered significantly.

Influências temporais nas características e fatores de risco de pacientes submetidos a revascularização miocárdica

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and surgical profile between two groups of patients submitted to Myocardial Revascularization (MCR) surgery at the Instituto de Cardiologia of Rio Grande do Sul with a ten year interval, to observe its influence upon MCR hospital mortality and to verify the predictability of this result using the risk score. METHODS A retrospective cohort study involving 307 patients who underwent MCR surgery within a six month period during 1991/92 (INITIAL group, n=153) or 2001/02 (CURRENT group, n=154). Demographic characteristics, heart disease, comorbidities and surgical events were analyzed to compare the groups and to define the hospital mortality risk score (based on the Cleveland Clinic method). RESULTS The CURRENT group was older, had more severe heart condition (functional class, incidence of heart failure and number of vessels with severe lesions) and a greater prevalence of comorbidities. The INITIAL group had a higher prevalence of nonelective surgery. Both groups had similar mean risk scores (2.8 +/- 3.1 for INITIAL and 2.2 +/- 2.5 for CURRENT) and hospital mortality rates (3.3% and 1.9% respectively). These figures are comparable to those for reported by Cleveland Clinic (for a risk score of 3 the predicted mortality range between 2.0 %; using a confidence level of 95% the predicted mortality is between 0 and 4.3%; and actual mortality confirmed by the study was 3.4%). CONCLUSION Patients currently submitted to MCR are older and in worse clinical condition (heart and systemic) than those operated on ten years ago; however, the risk scores and hospital mortality rates were slightly higher in the INITIAL group. The higher number of nonelective surgical interventions could have contributed to this. A risk score can be used to identify patients that require a higher level of care and to predict surgical outcomes.

St Jude Medical-Biocor bovine pericardial bioprosthesis: long-term survival

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to present long-term results of valve replacement using SJM-BiocorTM bovine pericardial bioprostheses. METHODS: From 1992 to 2000, 304 patients were discharged from hospital after bioprosthesis implantation. Ages ranged from 15 to 83 years (mean: 60.6 ± 14.3 years) and 50.3% were male. Patient deaths and events related to bioprosthesis (infection, thromboembolism and structural failure) were considered for estimation of cumulative probability of survival and event-free survival. RESULTS: Total follow-up was 931.0 patients-year. During follow-up there were 28 (9.2%) deaths. Causes were bioprosthesis failure in five (1.6%), cardiac in seven (2.3%), non-cardiac in four (1.3%), and unknown in 12 (3.9%) patients. Events related to bioprosthesis were: endocarditis: 18 (5.9%), fibrocalcic degeneration: 15 (4.9%), thromboembolism: three (1.0%), hemolysis: one (0.3%). Bioprosthesis dysfunctions resulted in 16 (5.2%) reoperations due to fibrocalcic degeneration (nine), endocarditis (six) and thromboembolism (one). Probability of survival was higher in the young population ( 60 year, n=187): 82.0 ± 13.3% vs. 58.8 ± 13.6% in the 9th year. Event-free survival was 77.5 ± 3.7% for 5th year and 40.2 ± 9.0% for 10th year. Overall estimative of structural failure for a SJM-BiocorTM was 5% in 5th year increasing to 20% in the 10th year. In the aortic position the values were zero and 8%, respectively. Considering current clinical conditions, 88.5% are in NYHA class I, 9.1% in class II and 2.3% in class III. CONCLUSIONS: SJM-BiocorTM bovine pericardial bioprostheses resulted in satisfactory survival of patients, related to low prevalence of bioprosthesis dysfunction.

Resultado da substituição aórtica por ampliação anelar anterior e posterior é comparável a do anel normal

Objective: To compare results of aortic valve replacement in patients with normal valve annulus and in those requiring annular enlargement. Method: Study includes 22 patients submitted to anterior and posterior annulus enlargement and 23 patients with a normal aortic annulus. Both groups were matched in gender, age, valvar lesion, etiology of cardiac disease and associated lesions. Patients with normal annuli had usual valve replacement. For those who required annular enlargement, posterior enlargement was performed by incision in the mid portion of the non-coronary sinus up to the anterior mitral leaflet. Anterior enlargement resulted from an incision between left and right coronary ostia extended to the ventricular septum for 2 cm. The aorta was reconstructed using bovine pericardium patches. The diameter of aortic annulus at surgery, clinical evolution (2 to 11 years followup) and left outflow tract obstruction (Doppler echocardiography) were considered. Results: Enlargement increased aortic annulus from 18.3 ± 2.2 mm to 24.8 ± 2.0 mm (p<0.001), a value similar to those with normal aortic annulus: 24.9 ± 1.5 mm (NS). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in patients with enlargement (122.1 ± 38.9 min vs. 91.0 ± 30.7 min; p<0.005), as was aortic cross-clamp time (91.6 ± 20.7 min vs. 68.0 ± 23.5 min; p<0.001). For annular enlargement, peak systolic gradient at the prosthesis decreased from 83.6 ± 22.3 mmHg (pre-operative) to 26.7 ± 11.4 mmHg (p<0.01) in the last evaluation. For normal annulus, reduction from 68.2 ± 28.7 mmHg to 32.8 ± 16.2 mmHg occurred (p<0.001) (final values comparable between groups; NS). Conclusion: The anterior and posterior aortic annulus enlargement technique allowed an increase in the annular diameter and valvar prosthesis, providing up to 11 years followup, a clinical and echocardiographic result similar to those observed in patients with valve replacement with a normal annulus. Descriptors: Aortic valve stenosis, surgery. Heart valve diseases, surgery. Heart valve prosthesis. Resultado da substituicao aortica por ampliacao anelar anterior e posterior e comparavel a do anel normal