Felipe Sánchez-Minero

Effect of 2,6-Bis-(1-hydroxy-1,1-diphenyl-methyl) Pyridine as Organic Additive in Sulfide NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst for Hydrodesulfurization of Straight-Run Gas Oil

The effect of 2,6-bis-(1-hydroxy-1,1-diphenyl-methyl) pyridine (BDPHP) in the preparation of NiMoP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts have been investigated in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of straight-run gas oil. The γ-Al2O3 support was modified by surface impregnation of a solution of BDPHP to afford BDPHP/Ni molar ratios (0.5 and 1.0) in the final composition. The highest activity for NiMoP materials was found when the molar ratio of BDPHP/Ni was of 0.5. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that NiMoP (0.5) showed better dispersion of MoO3 than the NiMoP (1.0). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results indicated that the organic additive interacts with the γ-Al2O3 surface and therefore discards the presence of Mo or Ni complexes. Raman spectroscopy suggested a high Raman ratio for the NiMoP (0.5) sample. The increment of the Mo=O species is related to a major availability of Mo species in the formation of MoS2. The temperature programmed reduction (TPR) results showed that the NiMoP (0.5) displayed moderate metal–support interaction. Likewise, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) exhibited higher sulfurization degree for NiMoP (0.5) compared with NiMoP (1.0). The increment of the MoO3 dispersion, the moderate metal–support interaction, the increase of sulfurization degree and the increment of Mo=O species provoked by the BDPHP incorporation resulted in a higher gas oil HDS activity.

Analysis of the thermal hydrocracking of heavy fuel oil

ABSTRACT The thermal hydrocracking of Mexican heavy fuel oil was studied at 1200 psia and different reaction temperatures (370, 380, 390 and 400°C). The results show that the vacuum residue which constitutes 62 wt. % of the heavy fuel oil and contains 47 wt. % resins and 23.3 wt. % asphaltenes, reacts to form lighter hydrocarbons (IBP-540°C), solid and gas. Resins transform more easily to saturates, and gases are produced mainly from the asphaltene fraction, indicating that the terminal alkyl groups in this fraction are shorter than those present in the resin fraction. The C-C scission reactions dominate the transformation of heavy fuel oil in the interval from 370 to 390°C, whereas the carbon rejection reactions are dominant at 400°C. Finally, the thermal hydrocracking of heavy fuel oil at 390°C appears suitable since at this temperature the reaction produces the greater amount of atmospheric distillates (+20.5 wt. %) and a low content of solid (2.0 wt. %) and gas (2.1 wt. %).

A study of copolymers activity during the separation of water-in-oil emulsions

ABSTRACT The activity of copolymers poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) (PPO-PEO) with different amount of PEO (10 and 15 wt%) was studied on the separation of water from water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. The results show an increase in the interfacial activity of the copolymer when PEO concentration was 15 wt%. However, the increase in molecular size of the copolymer due to high concentration of PEO may cause problems related to transport through the emulsion. Thus, while the PPO-PEO10 copolymer was more active for the separation of water present in the W/O emulsion of 6.4° API, which is highly viscous, the PPO-PEO15 copolymer was more effective for the W/O emulsion of 7.1° API, which is highly stable.