Fen Osler Hampson

Constructing world culture : international nongovernmental organizations since 1875

Contents BOLI JOHN THOMAS GEORGE M. Part One: 1. BOLI JOHN THOMAS GEORGE M. 2. BOLI JOHN LOYA THOMAS A. LOFTIN TERESA Part Two: 3. FRANK DAVID JOHN HIRONAKA ANN MEYER JOHN W. SCHOFER EVAN TUMA NANCY BRANDON 4. BERKOVITCH NITZA 5. KIM YOUNG S. 6. FINNEMORE MARTHA Part Three: 7. LOYA THOMAS A. BOLI JOHN 8. BARRETT DEBORAH FRANK DAVID JOHN 9. CHABBOTT COLETTE 10. SCHOFER EVAN BOLI JOHN

The Political Economy of Regionalism

AcknowledgmentsContributorsThe Political Economy of Regionalism: An Overview, by Edward D. Mansfield and Helen V. MilnerRegionalism in Asia and the Americas, by Stephen HaggardThe Political Economy of Currency Regions, by Benjamin J. CohenIndustries, Governments, and the Creation of Regional Trade Blocs, by Helen V. MilnerRegional Agreements as Clubs: The European Case, by Pier Carlo PadoanDispute Settlement in International Trade: Regionalism and Procedural Coordination, by Beth V. Yarbrough and Robert M. YarbroughSystematic Sources of Variation in Regional Institutionalization in Western Europe, East Asia, and the Americas, by Joseph M. GriecoThe Political Economy of Major-Power Trade Flows, by Edward D. Mansfield and Rachel BronsonRegionalizing Europes Security: The Case for a New Mitteleuropa, by Charles A. KupchanBibliographyIndex

Parchment, printing, and hypermedia : communication in world order transformation

Interweaving media theory and historical analysis, this book explores the effect new digital-telecommunication technologies, which Deibert calls hypermedia, will have on the distribution of political power in the next century. Deibert tracks the transformation of Europe from the medieval to the modern and then turns to the hypermedia age, where new digital technologies such as the Internet, encryption, and high-resolution satellite imaging favor nonterritorial institutions and communities, shifting political authority and policymaking from individual nations to transnational corporations, global financial markets, and nongovernmental organizations and activists.

Risk Taking and Decisionmaking: Foreign Military Intervention Decisions

Preface Abbreviations 1. Introduction Part I. Theory: 2. The anatomy of risk: what is risk and how is it framed? 3. The formation of risk judgements and risk preferences: a sociocognitive approach 4. Foreign military intervention: national capabilities constraints 5. The international milieu and foreign military intervention: when and how much does the milieu matter? Part II. The Case Studies: A Comparative Analysis: 6. Foreign military interventions with low to moderate risks: Grenada, Panama, and Czechoslovakia 7. High-risk foreign military interventions: Vietnam and Lebanon 8. Conclusions and implications Notes Bibliography Index.

Climate Change: Building International Coalitions of the Like-Minded

Over the past several years a mounting chorus of international lawyers and experts has called for the development of a comprehensive convention to address the problems of global climate change. Some thirty-seven countries are participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ipcc), sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization (wmo) and the United Nations Environment Programme (unep) in preparation for the second World Climate Conference, to be held in Geneva in 1990, with a view to having the principal components of such a convention ready for consideration at the Intergovernmental Conference on Sustainable Development in 1992. A number of steps have already been taken in developing international law and practices to address pollution of the air. As noted in the statement of the first World Climate Confer-

A Global Security Vacuum Half-filled: Regional Organizations, Hybrid Groups and Security Management

At a time when the United Nations and key powerful states are pulling back from robust engagement in conflict management, regional organizations and ad hoc groupings of diverse organizations – collective conflict management initiatives – are stepping into the vacuum. In order to understand these two approaches – and why and when they may be operating together – this article compares them as they affect three significant questions and challenges in contemporary conflict management: is an intervention legitimate, is it effective, and does it set precedents for the community of states and international organizations that might be inclined to act. It notes that these approaches bring different strengths to an intervention process. Regional organizations play an increasingly critical role in providing legitimacy for an intervention, while the fact that collective conflict management initiatives do not set a precedent for further engagement allows them to act with more flexibility. The article concludes that neither of these approaches is sufficient to create a successor security regime to the post-cold war international system. It suggests that global power diffusion will be constrained by the irreplaceable core security competencies of powerful states acting bilaterally or, when it suits them, through regional bodies or the UN Security Council.

Conflict in World Politics: Advances in the Study of Crises, War and Peace

List of Figures - List of Tables - Notes on Contributors - Acknowledgements - Introduction - Conflict, Crisis and War: Cumulation, Criticism, Rejoinder M.Brecher & F.Harvey - PART 1: CONFLICT - Satisfaction, Capabilities, and the Evolution of Enduring Rivalries, 1816-1990: A Statistical Analysis of a Game Theoretic Model Z.Maoz & B.D.Mor - Foreign Policy Choices and Domestic Politics: A Re-examination of the Link Between Domestic and International Conflict P.K.Huth & E.Lust-Okar - Loss Aversion, Framing, and Bargaining: The Implications of Prospect Theory for International Conflict J.S.Levy - PART 2: CRISIS - Crisis Escalation: A New Model and Findings M.Brecher - Nuclear Crisis as a Multi-Stage Threat Game: Towards an Agenda for Comparative Research F.P.Harvey & P.James - Interstate Rivalry and the Study of Militarized Conflict P.R.Hensel - PART 3: WAR AND PEACE - The Steps to War in Europe, 1933-1941 J.A.Vasquez - Threat Perception and Surprise: In Search of the Intervening Variable A.Ben-Zvi - Democratic Change and Defence Allocation in East Asia S.Chan - A Prospect-Based Analysis of War Termination A.Mintz & N.Geva - Camp David: Was the Agreement Fair? S.J.Brams & J.M.Togman - Appendix: Survey of War Literature by Category - Bibliography - Index

Improving the UN's Capacity for Conflict Prevention

Prevention of conflict is the first promise in the Charter of the United Nations. Yet, it is a promise that is constantly betrayed by local parties, governments, international organizations and, to some extent, the scholarly community which until quite recently had been unable to generate policy-relevant analysis of the circumstances in which this goal might be achieved. In the late 1990s, the study of conflict prevention flourished and was complemented by some notable successes in the practice of conflict prevention. This article focuses on those findings most pertinent to the UNs role in conflict prevention and what kinds of intervention measures it can adopt to strengthen its role and capacities for conflict prevention. The article argues that the wider family of agencies in the UN system, especially the agencies and programmes with a development remit, need to be engaged.

The Shifting Sands of Peacemaking: Challenges of Multiparty Mediation

Multiparty mediation, which occurs when two or more third parties cooperate or compete in helping antagonists negotiate a conflict settlement, carries both risks and rewards as a conflict management strategy. Cooperating multiple third parties can increase the chances of crafting an agreement, band together to create greater pressure on the conflict parties to reach agreement, and supply outside resources to help implement the negotiated agreement. Competing multiple third parties can undercut each other, prolonging the conflict and allowing antagonists to resist necessary compromises and negotiated concessions. This article examines the changing environment for multiparty mediation and the impact of five changes that affect the practice of mediation. It derives some interim conclusions about where the field is heading and offers some recommendations for making multiparty engagements more effective.

Why Is Mediation So Hard? The Case of Syria

This chapter examines how changes in the types of conflicts, the variable availability of mediators, and the international environment affect current mediation. In so doing it looks at external forces that support or undermine a nascent peace process; the complications associated with such issues as legitimacy, state capacity, perception, and the internationalization of civil/regional conflicts, as well as the number, quality, and coherence of institutions willing to undertake a mediation effort. This chapter analyzes these three challenges in the context of the Syrian conflict and explores how they affected the attempts to bring parties to the Syrian conflict to the negotiating table from March 2012 through December 2013. The chapter concludes with the argument that addressing the supply challenge through the effective coordination of different mediating bodies delivers a key component but notes that a mediation’s external, geopolitical environment will have a critical—and possibly negative—impact on even the best resourced mediation effort.