Fernanda Bruno

Máquinas de ver, modos de ser: visibilidade e subjetividade nas novas tecnologias de informação e de comunicação

O presente artigo fala sobre a relacao entre subjetividade e visibilidade que ganha novos contornos com as tecnologias comunicacionais contemporâneas. Tais tecnologias participam de uma transformacao no modo como os individuos constituem a si mesmos e modulam sua identidade a partir da relacao com o outro, mais especificamente com o ‘olhar’ do outro.

Monitoramento, classificação e controle nos dispositivos de vigilância digital

The year 2007 was plentiful in news and protests against dataveillance and violation of privacy from various Internet services. The dataveillance devices, usually not visible, are becoming a subject of social and political discussions, but the focus on the issue of privacy reduces the problem, which must be articulated to a broader analysis of the processes of tracking, classification and control of information on individuals. This article makes that analysis seeking to understand the changes in the status of the individual and their identity as well as the emergence of taxonomic models and extraction of standards in digital surveillance, which acts as predictive and performative tools of the individual conduct.

Fear, Security, and the Spread of CCTV in Brazilian Cities: Legislation, Debate, and the Market

Latin America has shown itself to be a fertile ground for the proliferation of surveillance cameras, especially in retail and in small-scale private security (homes, condominiums, shopping malls, etc.). In Brazil, this proliferation has occurred for three main reasons: the absence of specific legislation regulating how these systems are used; the limited scope of the debate about the deployment of surveillance technology and the implications of its widespread use; and a growing atmosphere of urban fear that affects the way people live in and move around large and medium-sized cities. In a study carried out in Brazil and Mexico and funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), various aspects of the use of surveillance technologies were mapped and described, focusing on existing legislation, related studies, research centers, current technologies and the market. In this article we present some of the results of this research as they relate to the proliferation of video surveillance in Brazil. The Brazilian market for video surveillance, which has grown steadily since the 1980s, is now booming, reflecting the growing interest this technology holds for the (property and personal) security market as well as the real estate market. Over the past 30 years, this interest centered on public areas with large numbers of people, such as parks, squares, and major commercial streets, or private spaces such as shopping malls, sports centers, and event centers. However, in recent years there has been an expansion in the security market as a result of the gentrification of large residential areas in medium-sized cities and metropolitan regions in Brazil. A consequence of these developments in the real estate market has been, indirectly, a growth in the use of CCTV systems as crime- and violence-prevention tools by small, medium-sized, and large private security companies targeting all social classes. In this study, we highlight the following aspects of video surveillance in Brazil: regulation of the use and proliferation of CCTV; involvement of the scientific community through debate and academic training; and the technologies used in electronic surveillance as a response to a growing demand by the urban security and real estate markets.

Controle, Flagrante e Prazer: regimes escópicos e atencionais da vigilância nas cidades

This paper examines the scopic and attentional regimes related to surveillance technologies and practices in contemporary cities. Such regimes involve not only control procedures, but also pleasure circuits, renovating the interplay between surveillance and spectacle in contemporary culture. Three fields of research will be prioritized: the incorporation of video surveillance into public and semi-public spaces, the production and distribution of amateur images and the cartographic information systems of visualization of urban space.

A obscenidade do cotidiano e a cena comunicacional contemporânea

Esta cada vez maior o interesse contemporâneo pelo comum e pela banalidade do cotidiano, o que se traduz pela exposicao do ser em diversos niveis e formatos de visibilidade, como na internet e na televisao. As intimas relacoes entre o cotidiano, a aparencia, o artificio e a efemeridade encontram no ambiente comunicacional um exemplo extremo e grotesco, despertando fascinio e interesse em milhoes de espectadores.

Rastros digitais sob a perspectiva da teoria ator-rede

A significant amount of traces of our actions are generated, monitored and treated daily on the Internet, creating huge archives of our way of life. These digital traces have been appropriated by many different fields: surveillance, advertising, entertainment, services etc. Yet they also have been a valuable source of research in human and social sciences. The value of these traces is related to the knowledge they provide, which is the focus of a series of disputes. This article confronts two models of knowledge in this area, which have different implications for a policy of the digital traces. The first model, that is present in commercial and police apparatus, conceives the trace as an evidence linked to individuals and/ or behavioral patterns. The second one, which is the main object of our interest and inspired by the actor-network theory, understands the traces as inscriptions of actions that allow us to describe the formation of sociotechnical collectives.

Rastrear, classificar, performar

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