Fernanda Cipriano Rocha

Avaliação da qualidade nutricional da silagem de cana-de-açúcar com aditivos microbianos e enriquecida com resíduo da colheita de soja

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics and nutritional quality of sugarcane treated with microbial additives and 10% of soybean crop residue based on sugarcane fresh weight. The variety RB855536 harvested at 16 months of age was used in a completely randomized design with tree repetitions. Addition of soybean crop residue reduced 33% of DM losses and 60% of ammonia-N (% total N) although final silage pH increased. Use of inoculants reduced silage pH only in association with soybean crop residue with no significant effects on the remaining variables. For all treatments, silages had higher contents of fiber and lower DM levels than the material before ensiling. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was significantly higher (P<0.05) on treatments with soybean crop residue compared to the other treatments. Moreover, compared with the material used for ensiling, reduction in digestibility was higher for treatments without soybean crop residue (24.3% vs. 9.3%). Combination of soybean crop residue with sugarcane improved nutritional quality and reduced DM and soluble carbohydrates losses, mainly in the form of gases, diluting the proportion of cell wall components and preventing losses in forage IVDMD. The use of the inoculants L. plantarum and L. buchneri during ensiling of sugarcane is not recommended because no improvement was observed on the chemical composition or fermentation profile of silages.

Avaliação da divergência nutricional de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)

The objective of this trial was to study the nutritional divergence of sugarcane genotypes for feeding ruminants. The following sugarcane genotypes were evaluated: RB72454, RB835486, SP80-1842, IAC86-2480, RB977512, RB867515, RB935566, RB925345, RB977625, SP79-1011, SP80-1816, SP81-3250, and SP91-1049 all harvested at 11 months of age. The discriminatory variables were: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, lignin, NDF to soluble carbohydrate ratio, NDF undegradable fraction, and rates of NDF and DM degradation. Application of the cluster analyses according to the Tocher approach, using the mean Euclidian distance matrix, yielded three groups of genotypes. Neutral detergent fiber and DM degradation rates were the most important variables for group discrimination contributing individually with 25.64% of the total discrimination power while the least contribution was observed with NDF undegradable fraction (11.54%). The variables NDF, NDF undegradable fraction, hemicellulose, and rates of DM and NDF degradation all showed to be effective to evaluate sugarcane nutritional divergence. Group III formed by the clone RB977512 showed the best responses for the studied variables and as such can be considered of higher nutritional quality for ruminants.

Produção e características do efluente e composição bromatológica da silagem de capim-elefante contendo diferentes níveis de casca de café

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of levels (10, 20, 30 and 40%, based on fresh matter) of coffee hulls added to elephantgrass at ensilage on the bromatological composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the resulting silage and the production and composition of the silo effluent. Twenty cylindrical plastic silos measuring 0.25 m diameter x 0.75 m height were used. A complete randomized design was used with four replications. The results demonstrated coffee hulls efficiency on decreasing silage moisture, resulting in increase of DM content of 0.69% / unity of added additive. pH values decreased as levels of coffee hulls increased. The addition of coffee hulls favored the crude protein contents, which showed a quadratic effect, estimating maximum of 10.0% at 26.3% of coffee hulls addition. The addition of coffee hulls reduced ammoniacal nitrogen, insoluble neutral detergent fiber and IVDMD, and increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and lignin contents. Acid detergent fiber and cellulose contents were not affected. Effluent production during 21 days was reduced from 123.5 L/t (0.0% coffee hulls) to 26.7 L/t (10.0% coffee hulls). The dry matter, P, Na and K contents did not varied with number of days of collect, although the Mg content decreased and total nitrogen content increased. The values of biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were not affected. The addition of 20% of coffee hulls was efficient to eliminate effluent production and to produce a good quality silage.

Nutritive value of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage with different levels of coffee hulls

One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five levels of coffee hulls (0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.1, and 34.8 kg/100 kg of fresh forage) on the bromatologic composition and IVDMD of elephantgrass silage. Fifteen plastic silos measuring .25 of diameter x .75 of height were used. In the ensiling process the forage received a pressure of 550 kg/m³. The results showed that the percentage of dry matter increased linearly with increasing of coffee hulls. It was estimated an increasing of .54% for each unit of coffee hulls added. The pH value was inferior for silage with coffee hulls. It was estimated a minimum value of 3.78 for the level 26.87% of coffee hulls. The content of CP of the silage without coffee hulls (8.9%) was inferior to (11.1%) found in the fresh forage and silages with coffee hulls. The IVDMD value was reduced according to crescent levels of coffee hulls. It was estimated a decreasing of .14% for each unit of coffee hulls added. It is possible to conclude that the addition of coffee hulls on level of 17.4 kg of coffee hulls/100 kg of fresh forage showed be a good additive for ensiling elephantgrass with high moisture content.One experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of five levels of coffee hulls (0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.1, and 34.8 kg/100 kg of fresh forage) on the bromatologic composition and IVDMD of elephantgrass silage. Fifteen plastic silos measuring .25 of diameter x .75 of height were used. In the ensiling process the forage received a pressure of 550 kg/m³. The results showed that the percentage of dry matter increased linearly with increasing of coffee hulls. It was estimated an increasing of .54% for each unit of coffee hulls added. The pH value was inferior for silage with coffee hulls. It was estimated a minimum value of 3.78 for the level 26.87% of coffee hulls. The content of CP of the silage without coffee hulls (8.9%) was inferior to (11.1%) found in the fresh forage and silages with coffee hulls. The IVDMD value was reduced according to crescent levels of coffee hulls. It was estimated a decreasing of .14% for each unit of coffee hulls added. It is possible to conclude that the addition of coffee hulls on level of 17.4 kg of coffee hulls/100 kg of fresh forage showed be a good additive for ensiling elephantgrass with high moisture content.

Casca de café em dietas de carneiros: consumo e digestibilidade

Four levels of coffee hulls (0.0, 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25.0% DM) in substitution of ground corn in their concentrate ration were used to evaluate the effects on intake and apparent digestibility of diets. Twenty, unknown breed, sheeps were used in a randomized block design, with five treatments and four replicates. The animals were fed all ad libitum with isoprotein diets, 10% crude protein (CP), contained 60% of coastcross hay and 40% of concentrate in dry matter basis. Sheep were maintained in a metabolism cage for 19 days (12 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection). The intakes of dry matter (1.41), organic matter (1.34), CP (0.15), total carbohydrate (1.17), neutral detergent fiber (0.71) and nonfiber carbohydrate (0.45) and the total digestible nutrients (0.85) kg/day were not affected by the coffee hulls levels. Coffee hulls did not affect apparent digestibility of dry matter (60.1%), organic matter (62.1%), neutral detergent fiber (46.9%), CP (66.3%), total carbohydrate (61.5%) and nonfiber carbohydrate (84.1%). Coffee hulls can be included up to 25% in the concentrate ration.

Composição química e digestibilidade in vitro do feno de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. tratado com uréia

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of urea treatment on the chemical-bromatologic compounds and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Brachiaria decumbens hay. The hay were reconstituted with water to get final forage moisture concentration of 30%, and treated with urea at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% of the forage dry matter. A completely randomized design with three replicates was used. The material was stored in plastic bags (2kg/plastic bag) for 35 days, and after plastic bag opening, samples were collected to chemical analysis. Hay total nitrogen (TN) concentration increased linearly with increasing urea level. The NDIN/TN and ADIN/TN ratios decreased with increasing urea level. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose contents decreased due to ammoniation with urea. The hemicellulose and lignin contents were no affected with urea treatment. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) had a quadratic response to the increasing urea level reaching the maximum digestibility of 68.9% at the 7.15% urea level. Urea ammoniation altered the chemical composition and digestibility of the Brachiaria decumbens hay, improving the nutritive value of forage.

Casca de café em dietas de vacas em lactação: consumo, digestibilidade e produção de leite

It was studied the effects of replacing ground corn with coffee hulls on intake, apparent digestibility, and milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows. Twelve Holstein-Zebu dairy cows were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to three 4 x 4 Latin squares. The following levels of coffee hulls were included in the concentrate portion of the diet: 0.0, 8.75, 17.5, or 26.25% of dry mater (DM). Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (14% CP) and contained a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40 on DM basis. Inclusion of coffee hulls in the diet had no significant effects on intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, and total carbohydrates (TC). However, intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly when coffee hulls replaced ground corn in the diet. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, CP, TC, NDF, and NFC all reduced linearly by increasing coffee hulls from 0.0 to 26.25% in the diet. Coffee hulls increased excretion of N in the feces resulting in a negative nitrogenous balance. The incremental levels of coffee hulls did not affect the urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid, and purine derivatives as well as microbial protein synthesis. Milk yield and contents and yields of fat, protein, and total solids also were not affected by replacing ground corn with coffee hulls. It can be concluded that coffee hulls can be included up to 10.5% of the total dietary DM.

Casca de café em dietas para vacas em lactação: consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição de leite

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of replacing corn silage with coffee hulls (0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0% of DM) on intake, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and milk production and composition. Twelve Holstein cows were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to three replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares. Diets were isonitrogenous averaging 15.0% of CP and composed by 60% of forage (corn silage and coffee hulls) and 40% of concentrate, on DM basis. Intakes of DM, OM, CP, TC, NFC, EE and TDN all decreased linearly while the opposite was observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) with the inclusion of coffee hulls in the diet. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, TC, and NDF and the dietary TDN content decreased linearly by increasing the proportion of coffee hulls in the diet but no significant effect was observed for EE digestibility. A significant quadratic effect was found for milk yield, with maximum of 26.83 kg/day at the coffee hulls level of 8.44%. No quadratic effect was observed for milk components. It can be concluded that coffee hulls can replace up to 12% of the corn silage DM in the diet depending on the availability and economic costs.

Consumo e digestibilidade de dietas formuladas com diferentes níveis de casca de café para vacas em lactação

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of replacing corn by coffee hulls on intake, apparent digestibility, and milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows. Treatments contained one of the following four levels of coffee hulls: 0, 5, 10 or 15% of the total dietary DM. Twelve Holstein dairy cows were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to three replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares. Diets were isonitrogenous averaging 15.5% of CP and composed by 60% of corn silage and 40% of concentrate on DM basis. Replacing corn with coffee hulls did not affect the intake of EE. However, intakes of DM, OM, CP, TC, and NFC as well as dietary TDN all decreased linearly with the inclusion of coffee hulls in the diet. Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, TC, NDF, and NFC also reduced linearly by increasing the proportion of dietary coffee hulls. Conversely, NDF intake increased linearly when coffee hulls replaced corn in the diet. No significant differences on milk yield as well as yields and contents of fat, protein, total solids, and solids nonfat were observed by including coffee hulls in the diet. Feeding balances (milk yield gross income - feeding costs) per cow and per liter of milk both increased linearly by partially replacing corn with coffee hulls. It can be concluded that coffee hulls can replace up to 15% of the corn in the diet with no detrimental effects on production.