Fernando Machado Haesbaert

Tamanho ótimo de parcela para a cultura do feijão-vagem

With the aim of estimating the optimum plot size and verify the behavior of the experimental precision in different plot sizes and shapes to consider the production of snap beans, the following white experiments were conducted: 1) in a greenhouse during the autumn and winter; 2) in a poly-tunnel during the autumn and winter; 3) in an unprotected environment during the autumn and winter; 4) in a poly-tunnel during the spring and summer; and 5) in an unprotected environment during the spring and summer. The fresh pod mass was measured for pairs of plants. For each different plot size (X) the variation and its relation to X was estimated. The optimum plot size was estimated using the method of maximum modified curvature, and the significant minimum differences between averages were estimated using the Hathaway method. Analyze the total fresh biomass of pods reduces variability in experiments with green beans and optimum plot size recommended for this crop is 16 plants in a greenhouse for experiments and plans for 12 tunnel experiments and experiments in non-protected.

Tamanho de amostra para experimentos com feijão-de-vagem em diferentes ambientes

Aiming to estimate the sample size for the fresh weight of pods of bean pod, five experiments were performed with blank Macarrao at autumn / winter 2009 and spring / summer 2010, in greenhouse, tunnel and field. The basic units (BU) were pairs of plants, resulting in 36 per line of UB cultivation in the greenhouse, and 42BU in tunnel and field. For each row of plants in each harvest and group of crops it was estimated the mean, variance and coefficient of variation (CV%). When the variances were not heterogeneous lines, it was used for calculation the of the sample size, the CV% of the experiment, when they were heterogeneous, it was used the CV% of the line in which this was higher. It was concluded that the variability of production of fresh pods increases in adverse weather conditions. The analysis of total production enables the use of smaller sample sizes. In this condition, for a semi-amplitude of the mean confidence interval (D%) of 10 in fall / winter, it is necessary to sample in the row of plants, 28 plants in the greenhouse, 21 in the tunnel and 26 on the field. In the spring / summer for a D=10%, it was necessary to sample in the row of plants, 22 plants in tunnel cultivation and 24 on the field.

Variabilidade produtiva e agrupamentos de colheitas de abobrinha italiana cultivada em ambiente protegido

In the experimental planning the variability among portions can alter the estimates of the plot sizes and of sample, besides the number of repetitions and definition of the experimental designs. To verify the variability interference of the estimates of values used to determinate the plot size with different numbers of plants and groupings of crops, a two-experiment work was carried out. The first trial was carried with zucchini in winter/spring of 2004 and the second in the summer/autumn of 2005. The plants were cultivated in plastic tunnel, with drip irrigation with three lines with 24 plants per row, spacing among plants 0.8m and among lines 1.2m. Each plant was considered as a basic unit (UB) of the plot size. The sequence of two, three and four plants in the crop row formed the plots of two, three and four UB of size (X). Analyses were accomplished considering only considered individual and combined harvests. In both experiments, the estimative of variance, variation coefficient and relative information index were obtained. Bartletts test was applied among the variances of the individual and combined harvests in each size of simulated plot. There were some increases in the estimative in the variance of fruits biomass with the increase of the plot size and/or the number of grouped harvests. The variances, among the grouped harvests, were homogeneous, considering the grouping of three harvests. The relative information index and the relative coefficient present values close to 100% with the groupings of crops. The arrangement of four groups of combined harvests, joined with plots of four plants for zucchini reduce the variability among plots.

Tamanhos de amostra e de parcela para variáveis de crescimento e produtivas de tomateiro

The aim of this study was to estimate the sample size and the plot size for growth and productivity characteristics in different moments of development of tomato grown under high tunnel and in field during the seasons of spring-summer and autumn-winter. The growth variables studied were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter in the collar and stem diameter at the first inflorescence; and, the productivity variables were the number of inflorescences/infructescences and the number of fruits per plant, evaluated at different moments of the crop development. When the variances among the rows of the crop were heterogeneous, the sample size was calculated with the highest coefficient of variation (CV) among the rows of the crop, and when they were homogenous, the sample size was calculated with the average CV. The plot size was calculated by the methods of the maximum curvature modified and maximum curvature of coefficient of variation and the differences in percentage of average by the Hatheway method. For a single recommendation of the sample size, considering the semi-amplitude of confidence interval of 10%, the sample size in the crop row is 9 and 22 plants, respectively, for the growth and productivity characteristics in high tunnel, and 7 and 16 plants in the crop row, respectively, for the growth and productivity characteristics in the field. The plot size for the growth characteristics is 3 plants in the crop row and, for the productive characteristics, plots of 7 plants in the crop row.

Tamanho de amostra para estimação da média e do coeficiente de variação em milho

The objective of this work was to determine the necessary sample size to estimate the mean and the coefficient of variation in traits of single, three-way, and double maize crosses, in different harvests and precision levels, by resampling with replacement. Twelve characters were measured in 361, 373, and 416 plants, respectively, of the single, three-way, and double-cross hybrids of the 2008/2009 crop season, and in 1,777, 1,693, and 1,720 plants, respectively, of the single, three-way, and double-cross hybrids of the 2009/2010 crop season. Then, descriptive statistics were calculated and the sample size necessary to estimate the mean and coefficient of variation in precision levels - amplitudes of the confidence interval of 95% (AIC95%) of 5, 10, ..., 35% of the mean and coefficient of variation - were determined by resampling with replacement. The sample size varied among hybrids, crop seasons, and traits. A larger sample size is necessary to estimate the mean and the coefficient of variation for the double-cross hybrid evaluated in the 2009/2010 crop season. For the same hybrid, crop, trait, and precision level, a larger sample size is necessary to estimate the mean compared to the sample size necessary to estimate the coefficient of variation. The measurement of 325, 150, 80, 60, 35, and 30 plants, respectively, is enough for the estimation of the mean and the coefficient of variation with AIC95% maximum of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35%, in all hybrids, crops and traits.

Aleatoriedade e variabilidade produtiva de feijão-de-vagem

With the aim of studying the randomness and variability of productive bean pod, the following experiments were performed on white: 1) in greenhouse in autumn-winter, 2) in tunnel in autumn-winter, 3) in unprotected environment in autumn-winter, 4) in tunnel in spring-summer and 5) in unprotected environment in spring-summer. The variable measured was the fresh weight of pods. Studies were conducted by harvest and harvest groupings. Were planned different plot sizes, and for each, were conducted tests of homogeneity of variances between crop row and between harvests, and tests of randomness in each crop row. The non-randomness and variability in production of fresh pods are larger in adverse weather conditions the culture of the bean pod and decrease with increasing plot size. The use of plots consisting of six basic units (12 plants) in protected or unprotected makes the production of fresh pods random and provides lower variability between rows and between harvests.

Estimativa do tamanho de parcela para experimentos com alface

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar o tamanho de parcela para a cultura da alface, cultivada em estufa, em tunel e a campo. Para tanto, foram conduzidos os seguintes experimentos com esta cultura: 1) em estufa no verao; 2) a campo no verao; 3) em estufa no inverno; 4) a campo no inverno; 5) em estufa no outono; 6) em tuneis no outono; 7) em estufa na primavera e 8) em tuneis na primavera. Foi avaliada a fitomassa fresca e seca da parte aerea das plantas. A partir das parcelas simuladas de diferentes tamanhos, foram estimados os parâmetros necessarios para calcular o tamanho de parcela. Foi utilizado o metodo da maxima curvatura modificado para estimar o tamanho otimo da parcela, e as diferencas minimas significativas entre medias foram obtidas pelo metodo de Hatheway. Para testar a homogeneidade de variâncias entre as linhas de cultivo foi aplicado o teste de Bartlett. As parcelas devem estar dispostas no sentido da linha de cultivo. Os resultados mostraram que o tamanho otimo de parcela para alface, independente de a variavel ser a fitomassa fresca ou seca, ou da estacao sazonal de cultivo, e de oito plantas para experimentos em estufa e em tuneis e de nove plantas para experimentos a campo.

Tamanho de amostra para determinação da condutividade elétrica individual de sementes de girassol

The electrical conductivity is a seed vigor test used to assess seed quality and complement the germination test. The sample size required to estimate the average electrical conductivity of seeds is directly proportional to the variability of the data and desired reliability in the estimate. A suitable technique for sample dimension is the use of confidence intervals obtained by resampling. This technique has the advantage of not depending on the probability distribution of the data. The objective of this study was to estimate the sample size required for the individual electrical conductivity test in sunflower seeds. Seven lots of sunflower seeds were used: 3 lots of the cultivar Helio 250, 2 of the BRS 323, and 2 of the BRS 324. The individual electrical conductivity test was conducted with each lot of 400 seeds, and the sample size was determined by the seed number from which the amplitude of the 95% confidence interval (AIC95%) was less than or equal to 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% of the mean estimate. The sample size of 483, 257, 172, 115, and 85 seeds is sufficient to estimate the average of the individual electrical conductivity of sunflower seeds with an AIC95% equal to 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% of the mean estimate, respectively, for all lots and soaking periods.

Características produtivas e morfológicas de frutos de tomateiro cultivado com bioproduto de batata

While mineral fertilization enhances production costs and contributes to the depletion of nonrenewable natural resources, the application of industrial byproducts can be a suitable alternative for crop fertilization. In this sense, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of potato bioproduct over productive, morphological and quality characteristics of tomato fruits cultivated in plastic tunnel and in field during spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons. Two experiments were carried out in plastic tunnel and one in field, both in a randomized block design with three replications in a factorial with two intervals of application of potato bioproduct (after all harvests and in alternate harvests) and four levels (1, 2, 3 or 4 L ha-1). In addition, were used four additional controls: (T1) mineral fertilization in coverage; (T2) mineral fertilization in coverage plus 50 L ha-1 of potato bioproduct applied at 30 and 60 days after transplant; (T3) 100 L ha-1 of potato bioproduct applied at every 15 days and; (T4) mineral fertilization in coverage plus 0.5 L ha-1 of potato bioproduct applied after every harvest. We measured mass, number, length and width of fruits, the number of deformed fruits, with open locule, blossom-end rot and radial crack. In the spring-summer, the potato bioproduct does not alter the mass, the number, the length and width of fruits of tomato, while, in the autumn-winter, it reduces the mass, the length and the width of fruits. In the spring-summer and autumn-winter, the potato bioproduct does not alter the number of deformed fruits, with open locule, blossom-end rot and radial crack. Thereby, the application of potato bioproduct in the levels and forms proposed in this study is not recommended for tomato crop.

Produtividade de alface e qualidade de mudas de tomateiro com bioproduto de batata

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of Acrescent Foliar® derived of alcoholic fermentation of potato, in lettuce productivity and in quality of tomato seedlings. Two experiments were conducted in field with lettuce crop in a randomized block design with three replications and, two experiments were conducted in greenhouse with production of tomato seedlings in polystyrene trays with 128 cells in a complete randomized design with four replications. It was measured the fresh and dry biomass of the shoot of lettuce, and the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh biomass of roots and shoot, dry biomass of the shoot and, the relation between the fresh biomass of shoot and roots in tomato seedlings. The foliar fertilization with Acrescent Foliar® does not influence the lettuce productivity and it conferred undesirable characteristics in the tomato seedlings such as reduced roots fresh biomass and increased ratio between the fresh biomass of shoot and roots.