Vilson Benz

Tamanho de amostra para experimentos com feijão-de-vagem em diferentes ambientes

Aiming to estimate the sample size for the fresh weight of pods of bean pod, five experiments were performed with blank Macarrao at autumn / winter 2009 and spring / summer 2010, in greenhouse, tunnel and field. The basic units (BU) were pairs of plants, resulting in 36 per line of UB cultivation in the greenhouse, and 42BU in tunnel and field. For each row of plants in each harvest and group of crops it was estimated the mean, variance and coefficient of variation (CV%). When the variances were not heterogeneous lines, it was used for calculation the of the sample size, the CV% of the experiment, when they were heterogeneous, it was used the CV% of the line in which this was higher. It was concluded that the variability of production of fresh pods increases in adverse weather conditions. The analysis of total production enables the use of smaller sample sizes. In this condition, for a semi-amplitude of the mean confidence interval (D%) of 10 in fall / winter, it is necessary to sample in the row of plants, 28 plants in the greenhouse, 21 in the tunnel and 26 on the field. In the spring / summer for a D=10%, it was necessary to sample in the row of plants, 22 plants in tunnel cultivation and 24 on the field.

Variabilidade produtiva e agrupamentos de colheitas de abobrinha italiana cultivada em ambiente protegido

In the experimental planning the variability among portions can alter the estimates of the plot sizes and of sample, besides the number of repetitions and definition of the experimental designs. To verify the variability interference of the estimates of values used to determinate the plot size with different numbers of plants and groupings of crops, a two-experiment work was carried out. The first trial was carried with zucchini in winter/spring of 2004 and the second in the summer/autumn of 2005. The plants were cultivated in plastic tunnel, with drip irrigation with three lines with 24 plants per row, spacing among plants 0.8m and among lines 1.2m. Each plant was considered as a basic unit (UB) of the plot size. The sequence of two, three and four plants in the crop row formed the plots of two, three and four UB of size (X). Analyses were accomplished considering only considered individual and combined harvests. In both experiments, the estimative of variance, variation coefficient and relative information index were obtained. Bartletts test was applied among the variances of the individual and combined harvests in each size of simulated plot. There were some increases in the estimative in the variance of fruits biomass with the increase of the plot size and/or the number of grouped harvests. The variances, among the grouped harvests, were homogeneous, considering the grouping of three harvests. The relative information index and the relative coefficient present values close to 100% with the groupings of crops. The arrangement of four groups of combined harvests, joined with plots of four plants for zucchini reduce the variability among plots.

Aleatoriedade e variabilidade produtiva de feijão-de-vagem

With the aim of studying the randomness and variability of productive bean pod, the following experiments were performed on white: 1) in greenhouse in autumn-winter, 2) in tunnel in autumn-winter, 3) in unprotected environment in autumn-winter, 4) in tunnel in spring-summer and 5) in unprotected environment in spring-summer. The variable measured was the fresh weight of pods. Studies were conducted by harvest and harvest groupings. Were planned different plot sizes, and for each, were conducted tests of homogeneity of variances between crop row and between harvests, and tests of randomness in each crop row. The non-randomness and variability in production of fresh pods are larger in adverse weather conditions the culture of the bean pod and decrease with increasing plot size. The use of plots consisting of six basic units (12 plants) in protected or unprotected makes the production of fresh pods random and provides lower variability between rows and between harvests.

Estimativa do tamanho de parcela para experimentos com alface

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estimar o tamanho de parcela para a cultura da alface, cultivada em estufa, em tunel e a campo. Para tanto, foram conduzidos os seguintes experimentos com esta cultura: 1) em estufa no verao; 2) a campo no verao; 3) em estufa no inverno; 4) a campo no inverno; 5) em estufa no outono; 6) em tuneis no outono; 7) em estufa na primavera e 8) em tuneis na primavera. Foi avaliada a fitomassa fresca e seca da parte aerea das plantas. A partir das parcelas simuladas de diferentes tamanhos, foram estimados os parâmetros necessarios para calcular o tamanho de parcela. Foi utilizado o metodo da maxima curvatura modificado para estimar o tamanho otimo da parcela, e as diferencas minimas significativas entre medias foram obtidas pelo metodo de Hatheway. Para testar a homogeneidade de variâncias entre as linhas de cultivo foi aplicado o teste de Bartlett. As parcelas devem estar dispostas no sentido da linha de cultivo. Os resultados mostraram que o tamanho otimo de parcela para alface, independente de a variavel ser a fitomassa fresca ou seca, ou da estacao sazonal de cultivo, e de oito plantas para experimentos em estufa e em tuneis e de nove plantas para experimentos a campo.

Posições das mudas de alface nas bandejas de poliestireno e efeitos na normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros na produção de plantas

The quality of an experiment can be described through statistics, being the experimental error one of the parameters of the evaluation of such quality. The objective of this study was to verify the interference of different positions of lettuce seedlings on polystyrene trays on the normality and homogeneity of the errors in experiments conducted in plastic greenhouse and field. Six experiments were carried out in the Federal University of Santa Maria, being three in the summer (2006-2007) and three in the autumn - winter (2007) with the lettuce crop, cultivar Vera. The treatments were defined by 12 different positions of the seedlings on the tray of production. The analyzed variables in the seedling production and after their transplant to the environments were the fresh and dry phytomass of leaves and roots and the fresh and dry phytomass of leaves, respectively. Presuppositions of errors normality and homogeneity were tested being compared to the averages of each treatment. The assumptions of homogeneity and normality of experimental errors were adequate for the leaves and root phytomass of lettuce in experiments with different positions in the tray seedling production, in different environments and cultivation seasons. For the dry phytomass of leaves trere was no adequacy of homogeneity and/or normality of experimental errors in the summer experiments, with seedlings and plants in plastic greenhouse. For the dry phytomass of root there was no adequacy of the assumption of normality of experimental error in the autumn-winter experiment with seedlings.

Precisão nas estimativas de produção de abobrinha italiana relacionado ao tamanho da parcela e número de colheitas

The productive variability in horticultural crops affects the planning and quality of the experiments, inflating the error and leading to wrong conclusions with low experimental accuracy and reliability. The objective of this study was to dimension the plot size and number of harvests that are necessary so that there is improvement in the accuracy of zucchini production. The production data used was the one from the uniformity trials where the basic units (BU) were identified with the number of crop row and were numbered according to the position inside the row. With the values of individual production, (fresh fruit biomass) different plots sizes were simulated by summing up the adjacent BUs in the crop rows and the two forms of harvesting groups. For each plot size simulated and their respective harvests, a variation coefficient (%) was estimated at the crop row. A response surface design was applied, with a dependent variable in the variation coefficient and, with the independent variable, the plot size and number of harvests. Best combination between plot size and number of harvests is seven plants and half the productive cycle in both growing seasons.

Spatial dependence and experimental precision in snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) trials related to the number of plants and harvests

The productive variability in horticultural crops affects the planning and quality of the experiments, leading to wrong conclusions. The objectives of this study were to verify the spatial dependence of the fresh biomass of snap beans and to dimension the number of plants and harvests that are necessary to improve experimental accuracy in trials. The data of the fresh biomass of snap beans from uniformity trials carried out in a greenhouse and in the field with semivariograms were created with data transformed into indicators. Thus, they were combined on scenarios of plot size and harvest grouping, and they were adjusted to the spherical, exponential and Gaussian models. A response surface was also applied, with the variation coefficient as a dependent variable and the numbers of plants per plot and harvests as independent variables. The estimates of the semivariogram models parameters indicated a weak spatial dependence. The average of the fresh biomass of snap beans is distributed randomly in the trials, and it is not influenced by the number of plants per plot or by the number of grouped harvests. The best combinations between the number of plants per plot and harvest, for the smaller variation coefficients, are plots of 24 plants for plastic greenhouse and field, and 28 plants for plastic tunnel, in the autumn-winter, combined with the grouping of all harvests. In the spring-summer the number of plants per plot was 30 for plastic tunnel and field, also combined with the grouping of all harvests.