Filipe Abdalla dos Reis

Analysis of the influence of low-power HeNe laser on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic and non-diabetic rats

PURPOSE To study the influence of HeNe laser irradiation on the collagen percentage in surgically-induced skin wounds in rats with and without alloxan-induced diabetes, by morphometric analysis of collagen fibers. METHODS 48 male Wistar rats were used, divided into groups: laser-treated diabetic (group 1); untreated diabetic (group 2); treated non-diabetic (group 3); and untreated non-diabetic (group 4). For groups 1 and 2, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan (2,4,5,6-tetraoxypyrimidine; 5,6-dioxyuracil; Sigma), into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with HeNe laser (4 J/cm2) for 60 s. One animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Massons trichrome, and morphometrically analyzed using the Imagelab software. The percentages of collagen fibers were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Student t and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. RESULTS The results obtained from the samples taken on the third, seventh and fourteenth days after wounding demonstrated that the laser-treated group presented a statistically significant (p<0.05) greater mean quantity of collagen fibers than in the non-treated group, both for diabetic rats (p = 0.0104) and for non-diabetic rats (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION The low-power laser (632.8 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers, both for the diabetic and for the non-diabetic group.

Effect of Low‐Level Laser Therapy (660 nm) on Acute Inflammation Induced by Tenotomy of Achilles Tendon in Rats

In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) on levels of protein expression of inflammatory mediators after cutting Achilles tendon of rats. Thirty Wistar male rats underwent partial incisions of the left Achilles tendon, and were divided into three groups of 10 animals according to the time of euthanasia after injury: 6, 24 and 72 h. Each group was then divided into control group and LLLT group (treated with 100 mW, 3.57 W cm−2, 0.028 cm2, 214 J cm−2, 6 J, 60 s, single point). In LLLT group, animals were treated once time per day until the time of euthanasia established for each group. The group treated with LLLT showed a significant reduction of IL‐1β compared with control groups at three time points (6 h: P = 0.0401; 24 h: P = 0.0015; 72 h: P = 0.0463). The analysis of IL‐6 showed significant reduction only in the LLLT group at 72 h compared with control group (P = 0.0179), whereas IL‐10 showed a significant increase in the treated group compared with control group at three experimental times (6 h: P = 0.0007; 24 h: P = 0.0256; 72 h: P < 0.0001). We conclude that LLLT is an important modulator of inflammatory cytokines release after injury in Achilles tendon.

Influence of ingaalp laser (660nm) on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats

PURPOSE To determine the influence of low-power laser (660 nm) on the collagen percentage and macrophages in skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS 30 male Wistar rats were used, distributed in two groups: laser treated diabetic (n= 15); untreated diabetic (n = 15). The diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 2 were treated with Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide - InGaAlP type diode laser (Photon Laser III DMC) with a continuous output power of 100 mW and wavelength (lambda) of 660 nm (4 J/cm(2)) for 24 s. five animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Massons trichrome, and immunohistochemical macrophage. morphometrically analyzed using the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software. The percentages of collagen fibers and macrophages were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. RESULTS The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Post-hocTukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. CONCLUSION The low-power laser (660 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers and macrophages.

Histological study of tendon healing in malnourished Wistar rats treated with ultrasound therapy

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of tendon injuries in malnourished rats. METHODS After the intended nutritional states had been attained, the animals (N=36) were distributed into three groups, named: G1(N=12), control group; G2(N=12), malnourished rats treated with 3 MHz ultrasound at an intensity of 0.5 W/cm(2); and G3 (N=12), normal animals treated with 3 MHz at 0.5 W/cm(2). The injuries were induced by means of an operation to expose the heel tendon and crush it using Allis forceps. RESULTS The data obtained relating to leukocyte counts, fibroblasts, vessel neoformation, fibrosis and collagen were subjected to statistical treatment using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Students t test. Results of p < 0.05 were obtained for fibrosis and collagen. CONCLUSION The ultrasound was shown to be effective in repairing the tendon, even in malnourished animals whose healing process was retarded.

Effect of 650 nm low-power laser on bone morphogenetic protein in bone defects induced in rat femors

PURPOSE To investigate the influence of 650 nm GaAlAs laser on the action of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in bone defects produced in rat femurs. METHODS The sample consisted of 12 male albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups. After undergoing anesthesia, the fur was removed from the lateral face of the right thigh and surgical dissection was performed to view the femur region. A bone defect was created using a spherical diamond-tipped drill bit. In groups 1 and 2, the defect was filled with a paste of Gen-Tech bone-inducing substance. The animals were treated with GaAlAs laser, at a predetermined dose of joules/cm(2) for 80 seconds, over an area of 1 cm(2). Groups 2 and 4 were used as controls. Bone samples were removed to perform histological procedures and morphometric analyses on the 7th, 14th and 21st days after the operation. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA variance according to two criteria, with four repetitions, followed by the post hoc t test. The rejection level for the nullity hypothesis was 0.05 or 5% (alpha < or = 0.05). RESULTS In comparisons between G1, G2, G3 and G4, p = 0.024 was observed. In statistical comparisons using the t test for paired samples, only G1 vs. G4 presented a statistically significant result (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION The association of low-power laser application and Gen-Tech bone-inducing substance achieved a better result than laser application alone or BMP use alone.

Efeitos na medida do ângulo Q com a contração isométrica voluntária máxima do músculo quadricipital

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between the angle of the quadriceps in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in two different examination situations, having the quadriceps relaxed and in a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) through radiographic measurement, aiming to contribute to the assessment and treatment of patients with patelofemoral disorder (PFD). Through the standard radiological method twenty 21 years old mean women (40 knees) were assessed. All individuals were positioned supine using a U-podalic stabilizer, having their lower limbs relaxed, using a plumb film on the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. For the statistical analysis, the averages for the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups in a relaxed and MVIC status, as well as the Student’s t-test with p < 0.05 significance level were used. The mean values to the Q angle compared to the asymptomatic group were 17.15 o on relaxation, and 14.5 o on MVIC, while the asymptomatic group presented 21.45 o , and 15.8 o , respectively. The results in the equality analysis between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups on the relaxed status attained a p = 0.004, and to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction, p = 0.29. Considering the data attained in the present study, it can be verified that in a relaxing status, there is a difference between the value of the Q angle among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, being found a higher value in the FPD bearers, while in a maximal isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle no statistical difference was found in the present study, with a reduction in the angle in both groups.The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between the angle of the quadriceps in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in two different examination situations, having the quadriceps relaxed and in a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) through radiographic measurement, aiming to contribute to the assessment and treatment of patients with patelofemoral disorder (PFD). Through the standard radiological method twenty 21 years old mean women (40 knees) were assessed. All individuals were positioned supine using a U-podalic stabilizer, having their lower limbs relaxed, using a plumb film on the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. For the statistical analysis, the averages for the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups in a relaxed and MVIC status, as well as the Students t-test with p < 0.05 significance level were used. The mean values to the Q angle compared to the asymptomatic group were 17.15o on relaxation, and 14.5o on MVIC, while the asymptomatic group presented 21.45o, and 15.8o, respectively. The results in the equality analysis between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups on the relaxed status attained a p = 0.004, and to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction, p = 0.29. Considering the data attained in the present study, it can be verified that in a relaxing status, there is a difference between the value of the Q angle among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, being found a higher value in the FPD bearers, while in a maximal isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle no statistical difference was found in the present study, with a reduction in the angle in both groups.

Efeito de diferentes tempos de alongamento na flexibilidade da musculatura posterior da coxa

O alongamento e uma das tecnicas mais utilizadas para se obter aumento da amplitude de movimento (ADM), porem nao ha consenso sobre o tempo necessario de alongamento para aumentar a flexibilidade. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar qual tempo de duracao de alongamento e mais eficaz, avaliando-se a flexibilidade pela mensuracao do ângulo popliteo (AP). Foram recrutadas 30 voluntarias com idade media de 21,1±2,9 anos, divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos (controle, 15, 60, 90 e 120 segundos), e submetidas a quatro semanas de alongamento passivo durante diferentes tempos, sendo avaliadas por tres examinadores clinicos pelo teste do AP associado a ADM. Os dados foram submetidos a analise estatistica, com nivel de significância p<0,05; para verificar a confiabilidade inter-examinadores foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlacao intraclasse (ICC); a confiabilidade foi excelente (ICC=0,985). Houve diferenca significativa quando se compararam 15 segundos de alongamento com 120 segundos (p<0,01) e tambem na comparacao entre os grupos de 90 e 120 segundos (p<0,05). O ganho de ADM foi maior nos grupos 90 e 120 segundos. O grupo de 120 segundos apresentou a maior media e o de 90 segundos, a maior variacao no quesito confiabilidade entre examinadores. Conclui-se que quanto maior o tempo de sustentacao do alongamento, maior sera o ganho de flexibilidade.

Effects in the Q angle measurement with maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between the angle of the quadriceps in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in two different examination situations, having the quadriceps relaxed and in a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) through radiographic measurement, aiming to contribute to the assessment and treatment of patients with patelofemoral disorder (PFD). Through the standard radiological method twenty 21 years old mean women (40 knees) were assessed. All individuals were positioned supine using a U-podalic stabilizer, having their lower limbs relaxed, using a plumb film on the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. For the statistical analysis, the averages for the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups in a relaxed and MVIC status, as well as the Student’s t-test with p < 0.05 significance level were used. The mean values to the Q angle compared to the asymptomatic group were 17.15 o on relaxation, and 14.5 o on MVIC, while the asymptomatic group presented 21.45 o , and 15.8 o , respectively. The results in the equality analysis between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups on the relaxed status attained a p = 0.004, and to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction, p = 0.29. Considering the data attained in the present study, it can be verified that in a relaxing status, there is a difference between the value of the Q angle among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, being found a higher value in the FPD bearers, while in a maximal isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle no statistical difference was found in the present study, with a reduction in the angle in both groups.The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between the angle of the quadriceps in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in two different examination situations, having the quadriceps relaxed and in a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) through radiographic measurement, aiming to contribute to the assessment and treatment of patients with patelofemoral disorder (PFD). Through the standard radiological method twenty 21 years old mean women (40 knees) were assessed. All individuals were positioned supine using a U-podalic stabilizer, having their lower limbs relaxed, using a plumb film on the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. For the statistical analysis, the averages for the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups in a relaxed and MVIC status, as well as the Students t-test with p < 0.05 significance level were used. The mean values to the Q angle compared to the asymptomatic group were 17.15o on relaxation, and 14.5o on MVIC, while the asymptomatic group presented 21.45o, and 15.8o, respectively. The results in the equality analysis between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups on the relaxed status attained a p = 0.004, and to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction, p = 0.29. Considering the data attained in the present study, it can be verified that in a relaxing status, there is a difference between the value of the Q angle among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, being found a higher value in the FPD bearers, while in a maximal isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle no statistical difference was found in the present study, with a reduction in the angle in both groups.

Analysis of the Figure-of-Eight method and volumetry reliability for ankle edema measurement

Edema’s measurements on ankle injuries are necessary as part of the evaluation and diagnostic check. The present study was designed to analyze the Figure-of-Eight method and volumetry measurements and check their intratest and intertest reliability. Twenty asymptomatic healthy male volunteers from 15 to 30 years of age, were randomly examined by three clinical examiners. Each examiner performed three measurements following each method. It was used standardized positioning and measurement techniques. The results showed reliability in both methods (ICC = 0.99). The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients showed reproduction between examiners, where values of r = 0.91, r = 0.95 and r = 0.96, respectively were found. These findings suggest the Figure-of-Eight method and volumetry are reliable measurements.

Análise da confiabilidade do método Figura Oito e da volumetria para mensuração do edema de tornozelo

Edema’s measurements on ankle injuries are necessary as part of the evaluation and diagnostic check. The present study was designed to analyze the Figure-of-Eight method and volumetry measurements and check their intratest and intertest reliability. Twenty asymptomatic healthy male volunteers from 15 to 30 years of age, were randomly examined by three clinical examiners. Each examiner performed three measurements following each method. It was used standardized positioning and measurement techniques. The results showed reliability in both methods (ICC = 0.99). The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients showed reproduction between examiners, where values of r = 0.91, r = 0.95 and r = 0.96, respectively were found. These findings suggest the Figure-of-Eight method and volumetry are reliable measurements.