Ricardo Dutra Aydos

Prevalência de hipertensão arterialem crianças e adolescentes obesos

There has been an increase in chronic diseases affecting the population not only in the world but also in Brazil. Hypertension and obesity fit this context, including among early age individuals. This paper aims at investigating the prevalence of hypertension among obese children and adolescents, checking its manifestation in compliance with gender and age. The study involved 129 obese individuals, ages ranging from 7 to 14 years, both sexes. The evaluation consisted of anthropometric measures and blood pressure measurements. The data were then analysed statistically through BioEstat 3.0 program, which indicated the prevalence of hypertension in both sexes (male = 15.8% and female = 26.4%), with no significant differences between each other. The disease was also present in the different age groups, especially among those aged 13 to 14 (52.4%), who were statistically different from other age groups, which, in turn, were not different from each other. This led to the conclusion that hypertension was remarkably present in the investigated population, indicating that the obesity can interfere in the elevation of the childrens blood pressure and adolescents.

Influence of ingaalp laser (660nm) on the healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats

PURPOSE To determine the influence of low-power laser (660 nm) on the collagen percentage and macrophages in skin wounds in diabetic rats. METHODS 30 male Wistar rats were used, distributed in two groups: laser treated diabetic (n= 15); untreated diabetic (n = 15). The diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into the dorsal vein of the penis, at a rate of 0.1 ml of solution per 100 g of body weight. A wound was made on the back of all the animals. Groups 2 were treated with Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide - InGaAlP type diode laser (Photon Laser III DMC) with a continuous output power of 100 mW and wavelength (lambda) of 660 nm (4 J/cm(2)) for 24 s. five animal from each group was sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after wounding. Samples were taken, embedded in paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Massons trichrome, and immunohistochemical macrophage. morphometrically analyzed using the Image Pro Plus 4.5 software. The percentages of collagen fibers and macrophages were determined from the samples from the euthanasia animals. RESULTS The data were treated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Post-hocTukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05 or 5%. CONCLUSION The low-power laser (660 nm) was shown to be capable of influencing the collagen percentage in skin wounds by increasing the mean quantity of collagen fibers and macrophages.

Histological study of tendon healing in malnourished Wistar rats treated with ultrasound therapy

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of tendon injuries in malnourished rats. METHODS After the intended nutritional states had been attained, the animals (N=36) were distributed into three groups, named: G1(N=12), control group; G2(N=12), malnourished rats treated with 3 MHz ultrasound at an intensity of 0.5 W/cm(2); and G3 (N=12), normal animals treated with 3 MHz at 0.5 W/cm(2). The injuries were induced by means of an operation to expose the heel tendon and crush it using Allis forceps. RESULTS The data obtained relating to leukocyte counts, fibroblasts, vessel neoformation, fibrosis and collagen were subjected to statistical treatment using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Students t test. Results of p < 0.05 were obtained for fibrosis and collagen. CONCLUSION The ultrasound was shown to be effective in repairing the tendon, even in malnourished animals whose healing process was retarded.

Modulation of transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2) by inositol hexaphosphate in colon carcinogenesis in rats

PURPOSE To evaluate modulation in the expression of Transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2) in short-term colon carcinogenesis. METHODS 64 male rats was used, comprising 4 groups of 16 animals each: group 1 received Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and azoxymethane (AOM); group 2, AOM alone; group 3, IP6 alone; group 4 was used as control. Groups 1 and 3 were given 1% IP6 in drinking water for 6 weeks. AOM was administered subcutaneously at weeks 3 and 4 of the experiment at 20 mg/kg of body weight each week. Immunohistochemical processing was performed with the use of anti-TGF-beta2 primary antibodies in right colon samples and quantitation of TGF-beta2 as percentage of expression, through computer-assisted image processing. RESULTS mean values of TGF-beta2 expression were 9.0 +/- 3.9% for group 4 (control), 12.7 +/- 4.0% for group 3 (IP6), 19.3 +/- 6.2% for group 2 (AOM), and 13.1 +/- 5.3% for group 1 (IP6+AOM). The value of p was calculated as 0.0001 for a 5% or lower significance level. CONCLUSION the experiment revealed a significant increase in TGF-beta2 expression in right colon with the administration of AOM, and a significant decrease in TGF-beta2 expression when IP6 was administered with AOM.

Nerve growth factor with fibrin glue in end-to-side nerve repair in rats

PURPOSE To determine the effects of end-to-side nerve repair performed only with fibrin glue containing nerve growth in rats. METHODS Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups: group A was not submitted to nerve section; group B was submitted to nerve fibular section only. The others groups had the nerve fibular sectioned and then repaired in the lateral surface of an intact tibial nerve, with different procedures: group C: ETS with sutures; group D: ETS with sutures and NGF; group E: ETS with FG only; group F: ETS with FG containing NGF. The motor function was accompanied and the tibial muscle mass, the number and diameter of muscular fibers and regenerated axons were measured. RESULTS All the analyzed variables did not show any differences among the four operated groups (p>0.05), which were statistically superior to group B (p<0.05), but inferior to group A (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The end-to-side nerve repair presented the same recovery pattern, independent from the repair used, showing that the addition of nerve growth factor in fibrin glue was not enough for the results potentiating.

Study of the antineoplastic action of Tabebuia avellanedae in carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in mice

PURPOSE To study the antitumor action of Tabebuia avellanedae in experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis by azoxymethane in mice. METHODS Fifty (n=50) mice were divided into five groups: in group I azoxymethane (AOM) was administered, in Group II - β-lapachone, in group III - vehicle (diluent) and in group IV - vehicle + AOM and finally in group V - β-lapachone + AOM. RESULTS It was observed the presence of aberrant crypt foci in all animals of groups I and IV, 50% in group II and 90% in group V. CONCLUSION The β-lapachone extracted from the Tabebuia avellanedae showed no protective effect of lesions induced by azoxymethane in colon of mice.

Experimental model of pulmonary carcinogenesis in Wistar rats

PURPOSE To elaborate an experimental model of pulmonary carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. METHODS Male Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage were carried through an intra-pulmonary instillation of the Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) dilution in alcohol 70%, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon widely known by its power of tumoral induction. Three experimental groups had been formed with 08 animals each: Control Group (Alcohol 70%); B[a]P Group 10 mg/kg; e B[a]P Group 20mg/kg, submitted to euthanasia 08, 10, 12 and 14 weeks after the experimental procedure. The pulmonary sections had been colored by hematoxilin-eosin (HE) and submitted to the morphometrical analysis to describe the tissue alterations. RESULTS The presence of diffuse inflammatory alterations was observed in all groups; however, at the analysis of the pulmonary tissue of the experimental groups had been observed hyperplasic alterations (BALT hyperplasia), and in one of the animals of the experimental group 20mg/kg (12 weeks) was noticed the presence of cellular epithelial tracheal pleomorphism, suggesting the adenocarcinoma formation in situ. CONCLUSION The main secondary alterations to the intra-pulmonary instillation of B[a]P in Wistar rats were: cellular proliferation, inflammatory alterations of several degrees and nodular lymphoid hyperplasias. The association of an activator agent of the pulmonary metabolic reply is necessary to establish the ideal reply-dose to the development of the lung cancer.

Um modelo de hérnia incisional em coelhos

Apresenta-se um modelo de confeccao de hernia incisional em coelhos. Foram utilizados 15 animais nos quais produziu-se hernia incisional mediante seccao completa da parede abdominal e da realizacao de sutura do plano musculo-aponeurotico a tela subcutânea e a derme seguido do fechamento da pele. Foram obtidas incisionais em todos os animais.

Exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer: systematic review of the literature

Abstract Introduction: Investigations about the association between prostate cancer and environmental and/or occupational pesticide exposure have evidenced a possible role of these chemical substances on tumor etiology, related to their action as endocrine disruptors. Objective: To assess the association between pesticide exposure and prostate cancer by conducting a systematic review of the scientific literature. Materials and methods: Articles published until August 18, 2015 were searched in the databases MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scielo, and Lilacs using the keywords “pesticides” and “prostate cancer”. Only the analytical observational studies whose methodological quality met the criteria established by the New Castle-Ottawa scale were included in this review. Results: The review included 49 studies published between 1993 and 2015. All studies were in English and analyzed exposure to pesticides and/or agricultural activities. Most studies (32 articles) found a positive association between prostate cancer and pesticides or agricultural occupations, with estimates ranging from 1.01 to 14.10. Conclusion: The evidence provided by the reviewed studies indicates a possible association between the development of prostate cancer and pesticide exposure and/or agricultural occupations.

Usefulness of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in detection of lung cells alterations after benzo[a]pyrene instillation

PURPOSE To verify the relationship between AgNOR expression and lung tissues changes of Wistar rats after pulmonary instillation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). METHODS Male Rattus norvegicus albinus,Wistar lineage were given a single intrapulmonary instillation of B[a]P at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg in a volume of approximately 0.3 ml. After 7 and 21 days the rats were killed and the lung slices submitted to a histological technique of AgNOR. AgNOR dots were quantified and the result analyzed by statistical tests; p < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean values of AgNOR dots for the experimental groups 10/7 (1.51+/-0.86) and 10/21 (1.84+/-0.13) were statistically different (p = 0.009). Among the groups 20/7 (1.63+/-0.11) and 20/21 (2.48+/-0.28) was observed statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The AgNOR technique can be useful in identification of cells changes induced by B[a]P.