Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues

Fontes de silício na micropropagação de orquídea do grupo Cattleya

The purpose of this study was to determine the silicon source that provides better growth of Cattleya loddigesii orchid plants. Seedlings from seeds germinated in vitro with approximately 1.0 cm in length were inoculated in tubes containing 15 mL of modified Knudson C culture medium, added with sodium silicate (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L -1 ) and potassium silicate (0, 5, 10 and 20 mL L -1 ), in all possible combinations. The culture medium had its pH adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.1 and solidified with 5 g L -1 of agar before the sterilization process at 121°C and 1 atm for 20 minutes. The cultures were maintained in a growth room with irradiance around 35 µmol m -2 s -1 , temperature of 25±1oC and photoperiod of 16 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme with 5 replications and 20 seedlings per treatment. Seedlings of C. loddigesii presented better growth (number of roots, length of the aerial part and of roots) in the modified Knudson C culture medium added with 5 mL L -1 of potassium silicate and 20 mg L -1 of sodium silicate. A larger number of shoots is observed with the addition of 5 mL L -1 potassium silicate in culture medium, in the absence of sodium silicate.

Concentrações de sais do meio Knudson C e de ácido giberélico no crescimento in vitro de plântulas de orquídea

The aim of this research was to test different concentrations of culture medium Knudson C and gibberellic acid in the in vitro growth of Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata Aco and Cattleya loddigesii plantlets. Seedlings deriving from in vitro germinated seeds with approximately 1,0cm length, were inoculated in bottles of 250cm3 containing 60mL of Knudson C culture medium at salts concentrations of 0; 50; 100 e 200%, and supplemented with 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10mg L-1 of GA3. The cultures were maintained in growth room with a 35µmolm-2s-1 irradiance, 16 hours photoperiod and 25±1°C of temperature. After 90 days, it is observed that the culture medium Knudson C 200% for Cattleya loddigesii promote better in vitro growth. The addition of GA3 (2.5mg L-1) is efficient in the number of leaves increment. Better in vitro multiplication is registered in Knudson C medium in the original concentration (100%). For Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata Aco, the concentration of Knudson C culture medium influences the number of leaves (salts 200%) and sprouts (salts 50%), but does not have effect in the growth and biomass. No effect of the GA3 in number of sprouts, length of aerial part and fresh mass for the two genotypes was verified.

Relação entre o tempo de enraizamento in vitro e o crescimento de plantas de bananeira na aclimatização

The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of the exposition time to rooting medium on the in vitro and ex vitro growth of banana plants. As explants, new axillaries buds obtained from the in vitro establishment and multiplication of stem apices of Caipira (AAA), Preciosa (AAAB) and Japira (AAAB) cultivars were used. The MS medium with reduction to 50% of the salt concentration adding 30 g.L-1 of sucrose, 1 mg.L-1 of IBA, and 6 g.L-1 of agar was used to induce rooting. The treatments were analyzed in a 3x4 factorial design, with three cultivars (Caipira, Preciosa and Japira) and four in vitro rooting periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), given a total of 12 treatments. At the end of each period, the height of the aerial portion, and number and length of roots were assessed, and the plants were submitted to 90 days of acclimatization. After that, the survival, number and length of roots, pseudostem diameter, and dry weight of the roots, aerial and total portions of the plants were assessed. Generally, the root induction step in the in vitro banana budding occurred up to 14 days of cultivation in rooting medium, and after that, the roots grew only in length. Among the cultivars, it was verified that, with the exception of the pseudostem diameter, the Caipira cultivar showed superior in vitro vegetative growth, and during the acclimatization, the height of the plant, number and length of the roots, and dry mass of the aerial, roots, and total parts, were also superior to the observed in Preciosa and Japira cultivars. After 21 days on rooting medium, the survival rate of the plants in greenhouse reach 100%, in despite of the tested cultivar.

Adubação com silício via foliar na aclimatização de um híbrido de orquídea

Silicon types and concentration and their interactive effects on plantlet growth of orchid Hadrolaelia lobatta x Hadrolaelia purpurata were studied. The plantlets from in vitro seeds were maintained in greenhouse, with 70% brightness, in plastic pots (90 cm3) filled with charred peel rice. The plantlets were grown on silicon sources concentrations (0; 0.5; 1.0; and 2.0 mg L-1): sodium silicate (SS) and Supa Potassio® (SP) through foliar sprayings, in all possible combinations. After 8 months the transplant the leaves number, aerial part length, root number, largest root length, root fresh and dry mass were evaluated. With increase in sodium silicate concentrations, a decrease up to a certain point was verified for all the studied variables. Better results for development of orchid plants were verified in the absence of silicon sources.

Produção e amplitude de colheita de cultivares de nogueira-macadâmia em Itapira, São Paulo

Production and breadth of harvest of walnut macadamia in Itapira, Sao Paulo, Brazil Macadamia nuts achieve high values on the international market with widespread acceptance by consumers. In Brazil, harvesting of macadamia fruits starts in mid february , but it is not known the productive potential of dif ferent cultivars available in Brazilian conditions. The objective of this study was to quantify the production and extent of harvest of macadamia cultivars in Itapira, Sao Paulo S tate. Ten macadamia cultivars (HAES 722, IAC Campinas-B, 791 Fuji, HAES 842, HAES 849, HAES 814, HAES 344, IAC 9-20X, IAC 9-20 and HAES 816) were used in the experiment. The following characteristics were evaluated during three harvest seasons in Itapira-SP: the number of fruits and harvest mass (production and estimated yield), then calculating the average mass of fruits. It was concluded that the production of macadamia nuts in Itapira-SP began in mid February and runs until the end of June. Cultivar IAC 9-20 was the earliest and HAES 722 the latest, whereas HAES 344 provided the lowest range of harvest and 791 Fuji and HAES 849 the greatest. IAC 9-20X, IAC 9-20 and HAES 816 showed the highest growth performance.

Correlation between morphological characters and estimated bunch weight of the Tropical banana cultivar

2 , thus, there was a total of 360 basic units. The variables that correlated with the weight of the bunch are: average fruit weight (FW), weight of the rachis, number of fruits per bunch, fruit length (FL) and number of leaves at harvest. The methodology of multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to estimate bunch weight. The most significant variables that were measured included number of leaves at harvest, number of fruits per bunch, FW, FL, rachis weight (RW) and stalk length (SL), generating the following prediction equation: BW= -5.249 + 0.11NLH + 0.066NFB + 0.046FW + 0.183FL + 2.039RW -0.011LS.

Silicon sources in the micropropagation of the Cattleya group orchid

The purpose of this study was to determine the silicon source that provides better growth of Cattleya loddigesii orchid plants. Seedlings from seeds germinated in vitro with approximately 1.0 cm in length were inoculated in tubes containing 15 mL of modified Knudson C culture medium, added with sodium silicate (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L -1 ) and potassium silicate (0, 5, 10 and 20 mL L -1 ), in all possible combinations. The culture medium had its pH adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.1 and solidified with 5 g L -1 of agar before the sterilization process at 121°C and 1 atm for 20 minutes. The cultures were maintained in a growth room with irradiance around 35 µmol m -2 s -1 , temperature of 25±1oC and photoperiod of 16 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme with 5 replications and 20 seedlings per treatment. Seedlings of C. loddigesii presented better growth (number of roots, length of the aerial part and of roots) in the modified Knudson C culture medium added with 5 mL L -1 of potassium silicate and 20 mg L -1 of sodium silicate. A larger number of shoots is observed with the addition of 5 mL L -1 potassium silicate in culture medium, in the absence of sodium silicate.

Caracterização dos frutos e germinação de sementes dos porta-enxertos trifoliata Flying Dragon e citrumelo Swingle

ABSTRACT - The objective was phytotechnical characterization of fruits, evaluating the effect of removing the husk of the seed, the influence of GA 3 and growth promoter (Stimulate®) on the germination of seeds of rootstock Flying Dragon and Citrumelo Swingle. The phytotechnical characterization included the weight of the fruit, transverse and longitudinal diameter, thickness of the “peel” and the counting of viable and unviable seeds per fruit. There was an experiment for each rootstock in greenhouse under intermittent mist and the evaluations were every 3 days after the beginning of the germination process, verifying percentage of germination and germination speed. The use of GA 3 and the removal of seed husk of the rootstock Flying Dragon increase the germination percentage and germination speed, and for the rootstock Citrumelo Swingle the removal of the seed husk increased the germination percentage and the germination speed.Index terms: Citrus industry, Germination Speed, Production of Seedlings.

Tissue Culture Techniques for Native Amazonian Fruit Trees

In recent decades, the production of native fruits of the Amazon showed significant growth, mainly due to expansion of area for fruit production. It is noteworthy that this activity has had little impact on native vegetation, since most of the orchards were planted in areas previously occupied by other crops for market problems or environmental issues and pressure for sustainable agriculture, ceased to be interesting for farmers [4].

Caracterização anatômica e citométrica em biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.])

The biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]) is a native fruit of Central America and South America that stands out from the other species of the genus because it has large and edible fruits. Considering that little is known about the anatomy of the plant, the type of reserve of the seed, as well as little is known about the DNA content of species of Annonaceae family, this study aimed to characterize seeds histochemically and seedlings anatomically, and determine DNA content of biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]). The seedlings were obtained from seeds collected in the Amazon region by Embrapa Roraima and then, sent to UFLA, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State. The pulp of the fruits were extracted and the seeds were previously washed and sown in trays of 48 cells containing sawdust as substrate, remaining in a germination chamber at 30oC for 90 days. A histochemical analysis, anatomical characterization and determination of DNA content of the plants obtained were made. The main conclusions of this research were: (1) the seeds of Biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa) present mainly lipid reserve, (2) The cross-sections of the leaf blade indicate dorsiventral organization, hypostomatic with paracitic stomata and trichomes on both sides of the sheet (3) the leaves of biribazeiro have on average 4.77 pg of DNA.