Fabíola Villa

Light spectrum on the quality of fruits of physalis species in subtropical area

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of colored-shade nets on the physicochemical characteristics of physalis in subtropical area. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with a 4 × 5 factorial, being four species of physalis (Physalis peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four net colors (white, blue, red and black), besides the control under full sun. Titratable acidity (TA), pH, vitamin C, soluble solids (SS), SS/TA relation, total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. It was observed that P. peruviana and P. pubescens have more acid fruits, and P. minima shows vitamin C content higher than the other species. In general, fruits of P. peruviana and P. pubescens have better quality when grown in white, blue or black shade net; fruits of P. minima are physicochemically superior when produced under full sun or under white or blue shade net; finally, fruits of P. ixocarpa have low quality when produced under black net.

Germinação e crescimento inicial de mudas de espécies não convencionais de fisális em diferentes substratos e ambientes

The use of substrates and environments is an important factor to be considered in determining the quality of germination and seedling growing of species of physalis. Given the above, the objective with this study was to evaluate the germination and early crowing of two non-conventional species of physalis, subjected to different environments and substrates. Were conducted two simultaneous experiments in the period from March to May / 2014 in Unioeste, PR. The experimental design used in the first experiment was a randomized, 2x3 factorial (2 physalis species: Physalis minima, Physalis ixocarpa x 3 environments: protect environment with plastic cover of 150 µm, greenhouse with 50% of shading and full sun) blocks containing 3 replicates and 50 seeds per experimental plot. The design of the second experiment was randomized, 2x4 factorial (2 physalis species: Physalis minima, Physalis ixocarpa x 4 substrates: expanded vermiculite of medium texture + latossol, Humus Fertil ® + latossol, washed sand of fine texture + latossol and Humus Fertil ® + expanded vermiculite of medium texture, in proportion 1:1 v:v) blocks containing three replicates of 32 seeds per experimental plot. Was monitored by 22 days the experiments to obtain the emergence speed index. 60 days after the sowing was evaluated seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry biomass of seedlings. We conclude that, agricultural greenhouse and greenhouse of shade net providing emergence speed index of Physalis minima and Physalis Ixocarpa without distinction between these environments. Seedlings of P. ixocarpa should be produced in agricultural greenhouse, using as substrate mix of Humus fertil ® commercial substrate + expanded vermiculite or latosol + vermiculite. Seedlings of P. minima must be produced in a mixture of Humus Fertil ® + vermiculite under agricultural greenhouse with or under shade net.

Produção de gladíolo submetido a ácido giberélico em ambiente protegido

1. Manuscript received in Jul./2016 and accepted for publication in Dec./2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4642418). 2. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil. E-mails: maristelacarvalho@gmail.com, fvilla2003@libero.it, claudiotsutsumi@unioeste.br. 3. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologias, Cascavel, PR, Brazil. E-mail: pe.nataliaa@gmail.com. Gladiolus is an important cut flower commercialized in Brazil, and the use of gibberellic acid (GA3) to cultivate it in a protected environment may promote the production of high quality flower spikes. This study aimed at evaluating the production of flower spikes and corms of gladiolus (‘White Friendship’ cultivar) submitted to high concentrations and application methods of gibberellic acid, in a protected environment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, being two application methods (foliar spraying and corm soaking) and four concentrations (0 mg L-1, 250 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1 and 1,000 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid, with six replications and two plants per experimental unit. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, marketable harvest point of flower spikes, number of florets per flower spike, flower panicle length, stem and floret diameter, corm perimeter, number of cormels per plant and production of corm fresh matter and leaf dry matter, flower spikes, corms and cormels. High concentrations of GA3 are not recommended for the production of flower spikes and corms of the gladiolus ‘White Friendship’ cultivar. The corm soaking application method anticipates the harvest of flower spikes and produces a higher number of cormels per plant. Regardless of the application method, the concentration of 550 mg L-1 of GA3 increases the cormel yield of the ‘White Friendship’ cultivar.

Germinação de sementes de maracujá-amarelo em extrato aquoso de tiririca e ácido giberélico

Allelopathy refers to the ability of certain plant has to interfere with the metabolism of other compounds by chemicals released into the environment. Cyperus rotundus is a typical example of such a plant, having a high IBA concentration and being able to influence and act on germination and rooting of the other plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bulbs and leaves extracts of Cyperus rotundus and gibberellic acid on the yellow passion fruit germination cycle. To obtain the aqueous extract bulbs and leaves were used along with a concentration of 1 g 10 mL-1 (p/v) (1 g of material plant to 10 mL of distilled water), forming stock solutions. Extracts were diluted in five concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and five concentrations of gibberellic acid (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg L-1 GA3) were used. As a control treatment we used distilled water. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 16 treatments, five replicates, totaling 80 sampling units, each unit containing ten seeds. Daily counts were performed on the number of germinated seeds for subsequent calculation of germination percentage and germination speed index. Seeds of yellow passion fruit treated with concentrations of gibberellic acid had their germination inhibited and it is not recommended in the germination of the species. Concentrations of aqueous extract of leaves and sedge did not affect the germination of yellow passion fruit.

Preliminary studies on canned olives naturally matured from south Minas Gerais State: evaluation of acidity.

The table olives matured naturally are traditionally produced and appreciated in Brazil. In this work it was intended to the processing of black olives fermented naturally, using differents treatments and subsequent evaluation of acidity. For this were used in experiment 4 kg of ripe fruits harvested in production plants, the five cvs. held in the collection EPAMIG. Glass jars were used 250 mL sealed with metal caps, previously sterilized, in the processing premises. Then, the washed olives were sanitized with NaClO at concentration 200 mg L -1 for 30 minutes. Subsequently the samples were weighed in 300 g of each cultivar per treatment, divided into three pots. The brine was prepared with filtered water and boiled for 10 minutes. After cooling the brine, were prepared the twelve treatments. For the assessment of the preserved test was performed by titration acidity at 90 days post-processing. The experimental desing was completely randomized, double fatorial, containing five cultivars of mature olives matured naturally (‘Galega’; ‘JB1’; ‘JB2’; ‘Negroa’ and ‘Mission’) x twelve treatments (com e sem branqueamento, com e sem hidroxido de sodio, sal grosso e sal marinho a 7%, com descanso a 5, 7 e 9% e sem descanso a 5, 7 e 9%) for processing of preserved, containg ter repetitions. It has better acidity in the elaboration of canned black olives undergo the bleaching process, treated with sodium idroxide, with 5 and 9% canned and submitted with coarse salt. The cultivar ‘Negroa’ presents greater aptitude for the manufacture of preserved food, followed ‘Galega’.

Composição mineral de folhas de Oliveira (Olea europaea L.) em sistema de produção convencional

This study aimed to quantify the mineral composition of olive leaves to diagnose nutritional status of plants grown in conventional system. The experiment was conducted with seven cultivars: Arbequina, MGS Asc 315, MGS Mariense, MGS Grap 541, MGS Grap 561, Grappolo 575 and Leccino, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants perplot. In May 2010, we collected 60 leaves for each cultivar (12 per plant),whichwere dried and subsequently analyzed. The results advert to the high levels of Cu, a consequence of the excessive use of fungicides based on copper oxychloride and Bordeaux mixture in the orchards. The high concentration of this element in the leaves can bephytotoxicity to plants and harmful to human health, since the leaves are used popularly as an aid in procedures for weight loss. Thus, we suggest the rational use of fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivation of olive trees to prevent nutritional deficiency or phytotoxicity and, if the research acknowledges the phytotherapic effect of leaves, the adoption of crops in the differentiated system of production, to obtain raw material with good quality and suitable for consumption in natura.