Flaviane Eva Magrini

Viability of Cabralea canjerana extracts to control the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus

Abstract Several representatives of Meliaceae contain biologically active compounds that are toxic to insects with few negative effects on the environment and humans. Our study evaluated the activity of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from the fruit and seeds of Cabralea canjerana (Vellozo) Mart (Sapindales: Meliaceae) on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Limonoids and triterpenes were detected in fruit and seed extracts. Each extract was added to an artificial diet at three concentrations and tested after 24, 48, and 72 hr of extract application. Ethyl acetate extracts were the most active ones and showed the effect of both dose and time elapses after application on the insects. The highest toxic effect on A. fraterculus adults was from ethyl acetate extracts from fruit, followed by extracts from seeds. These extracts showed antifeedant activities. Extract solutions sprinkled on fruits of Carica papaya (L.) (Brassicales: Caricaceae) caused oviposition repellency and negatively affected the biological development of A. fraterculus . Ethyl acetate extracts highly hampered oviposition, but seed extracts showed lesser oviposition deterrence. The fruit and seed extracts diminished pupal viability. Particularly, the ethyl acetate fruit extract caused malformed adults. The sex ratio was also affected, resulting in female predominance for the fruit extract, while the seed extract showed a dose-dependent effect. Low doses caused male abundance, but at higher concentrations the effect was reversed. These encouraging results showed that the C. canjerana extracts have great potential as new tools to be used in integrated pest management programs to protect fruits against A. fraterculus .

Incidence of acute diarrheal disease in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a 10-year historical series

Objetivos : Avaliar a incidencia de doenca diarreica aguda registrada em Caxias do Sul, em um periodo de 10 anos, investigando suas correlacoes com a vacinacao contra rotavirus, com a precipitacao pluviometrica e com o numero de internacoes hospitalares. Metodos : Foi realizado um estudo descritivo dos registros de doenca diarreica aguda, disponibilizados pelo setor de Vigilância Epidemiologica da Secretaria Municipal de Saude de Caxias do Sul. Resultados : Entre 2004 e 2013 foram registrados 61.246 casos de doenca diarreica aguda, sendo que os maiores numeros ocorreram em bairros de baixa renda. Durante o periodo de avaliacao foram identificados cinco surtos epidemicos de doenca diarreica aguda, em meses de verao e inverno. Nao foram encontradas relacoes entre doenca diarreica aguda e precipitacao pluviometrica. O numero de internacoes hospitalares por doenca diarreica aguda em criancas de zero a quatro anos decresceu a partir de 2006, coincidindo com o inicio do programa de vacinacao contra rotavirus na rede publica, enquanto que os obitos de todas as idades sofreram flutuacoes durante o periodo estudado. Conclusoes : A avaliacao da incidencia de doenca diarreica aguda, por longo periodo, mostra que houve flutuacoes ao longo do tempo no numero de registros e de obitos em Caxias do Sul. Este estudo revelou tambem uma reducao no numero de internacoes devidas a doenca diarreica aguda no periodo que sucedeu a introducao do programa de vacinacao contra rotavirus na rede publica de saude.