Valdirene Camatti Sartori

Viability of Cabralea canjerana extracts to control the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus

Abstract Several representatives of Meliaceae contain biologically active compounds that are toxic to insects with few negative effects on the environment and humans. Our study evaluated the activity of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from the fruit and seeds of Cabralea canjerana (Vellozo) Mart (Sapindales: Meliaceae) on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Limonoids and triterpenes were detected in fruit and seed extracts. Each extract was added to an artificial diet at three concentrations and tested after 24, 48, and 72 hr of extract application. Ethyl acetate extracts were the most active ones and showed the effect of both dose and time elapses after application on the insects. The highest toxic effect on A. fraterculus adults was from ethyl acetate extracts from fruit, followed by extracts from seeds. These extracts showed antifeedant activities. Extract solutions sprinkled on fruits of Carica papaya (L.) (Brassicales: Caricaceae) caused oviposition repellency and negatively affected the biological development of A. fraterculus . Ethyl acetate extracts highly hampered oviposition, but seed extracts showed lesser oviposition deterrence. The fruit and seed extracts diminished pupal viability. Particularly, the ethyl acetate fruit extract caused malformed adults. The sex ratio was also affected, resulting in female predominance for the fruit extract, while the seed extract showed a dose-dependent effect. Low doses caused male abundance, but at higher concentrations the effect was reversed. These encouraging results showed that the C. canjerana extracts have great potential as new tools to be used in integrated pest management programs to protect fruits against A. fraterculus .

Detection of antifungal activity of plant extracts on Alternaria citrus

Há aproximadamente 15 anos, a citricultura brasileira vem sofrendo consideráveis perdas em produtividade e qualidade dos frutos devido ao ataque do fitopatógeno Alternaria alternata f.sp. citri, causador da Mancha Marrom da Alternaria (MMA), o controle da doença ainda é feito com o uso massivo de agroquímicos, chegando a vinte aplicações por período reprodutivo. O presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência no controle do MMA Triaca, T.; Cavião, H,C.; Pansera, M.R.; Venturin, L.; Sartori, V.C. Determinação de atividade antifúngica de extratos vegetais em Alternaria citrus. Summa Phytopathologica, v.44, n.2, p.185-188, 2018.