Flávio Alves da Silva

Farinha de bagaço de mandioca: aproveitamento de subproduto e comparação com fécula de mandioca

The production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch generates cassava bagasse, which is the fibrous residue from the root. Due to its economic, physical, chemical, nutritional and technological importance, this study aimed at developing a flour from cassava bagasse, evaluating its properties and comparing them with those of cassava starch, in order to promote its use and provide information for industry processors and consumers. Analysis of proximate composition, total energy value, particle size, water activity, color, microscopy, water absorption index ( WAI ), water solubility index (WSI) and oil absorption index (OAI) were carried out. In relation to cassava starch, the bagasse flour showed much higher contents of total [63.95 g (100 g) -1 ], soluble [3.51 g (100 g) -1 ] and insoluble [56.84 g (100 g) -1 ] dietary fiber, as well as proteins [1.97 g (100 g) -1 ], ashes [1.81 g (100 g) -1 ] and lipids [2.35 g (100 g) -1 ]. The cassava bagasse flour presents low cost and desirable technological properties, such as WAI [6.73 g of gel (g dry mass) -1 ] and WSI (1.23%), being also an alternative raw material, with differentiated technological characteristics. It can possibly be used in paps, puddings, baby food and especially in diet or light food.

Potencial antioxidante de geleia de araçá durante o armazenamento

The araca (Brazilian guava) jam is a promising alternative for expanding the consumption of this fruit, besides adding value to it and making the Brazilian Savannah fruits known. Therefore, this research aimed to study the physical and chemical characteristics of the araca jam, as well as to evaluate the presence and behavior of antioxidant compounds and color, during 12 months of storage. The results obtained for centesimal composition, sugars, fibers, pectin, and consistency showed that the use of araca was suitable for the jam production, and that the product remained within the standards established by the Brazilian legislation. The total acidity, phenolic compounds, color parameters, and organic acids contents decreased during storage, while the pH and antioxidant potential increased, during one year of storage. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the araca jam is a product with good nutritional characteristics, presenting good levels of antioxidant compounds, during storage, and meeting the demands of the modern consumer, i.e. practicality and healthiness.

Secagem convencional de casca de mandioca proveniente de resíduos de indústria de amido

RESUMO -1 , 0.0166 m 3 kg -1 s -1 , 0.0183 m 3 kg -1 s -1 , 0.0199 m 3 kg -1 s -1 and 0.0206 m 3 kg -1 s -1 ). The drying process was carried out in a conventional dryer tray and the drying times, instrumental color parameters (lightness - L*; a* and b* coordinates), titratable acidity and pH of the flour samples obtained after grinding the dehydrated cassava peels from each drying test were evaluated. The temperature increase resulted in a tendency to bleach the material, and a slight variation was observed for titratable acidity and pH in the samples. Temperature and air flow speed affected the drying kinetics, since their increase reduced the time for drying the cassava peels. The minimum drying time (420 min.) was reached when the dryer temperature was set to 67°C and the air flow to 0.0183 m 3 kg -1 s -1 . This was considered the ideal setting, because it minimized the processing time, without altering the product features. The Crank model for plane geometry fitted well the experimental data obtained from the cassava peel drying process.

Modelagem matemática do processo de secagem da massa fibrosa de mandioca

The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to describe the drying process of cassava fibrous mass and compare it with other models from the literature. The Least-Squares Method is used to adjust the experimental values to a semi-empirical model. The experimental and predicted results were statisticaly compared using variance analysis to identify significant differences. The studied variables were temperature and air flow in tray dryer. The constructed model and Page model had values of mean relative error less than 6%, and may be used to predict the drying kinetics.

Fatty acid profiles of five farmed Brazilian freshwater fish species from different families

The proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profiles of five Brazilian freshwater fish species, namely Brycon cephalus (BC), Cichla ocellaris (CO), Prochilodus lineatus (PL), Leporinus friderici (LF) and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (PCO), were investigated. CO and LF exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) moisture content, as well as one of the lowest (p < 0.05) lipid values, whereas BC presented the lowest (p < 0.05) moisture and, alongside PL, the highest (p < 0.05) lipid content. The predominant FAs in the evaluated fish species were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids. BC and CO presented high n-3 PUFA content, especially DHA, and demonstrated superior nutritional quality indices compared to the other evaluated fish species. Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed among these species, suggesting they possess similar nutritional lipid values. Thus, BC and CO were proven to be an excellent matrix with relevant lipid quality, desirable for human health.

Drying kinetics of potato pulp waste

Potato pulp waste (PPW) drying was investigated under different experimental conditions (temperatures from 50 to 70 °C and air flow from 0.06 to 0.092 m³ m - 2 s - 1) as a possible way to recover the waste generated by potato chip industries and to select the best-fit model to the experimental results of PPW drying. As a criterion to evaluate the fitting of mathematical models, a method based on the sum of the scores assigned to the four evaluated statistical parameters was used: regression coefficient (R2), relative mean error P (%), root mean square error (RMSE), and reduced chi-square (χ²). The results revealed that temperature and air velocity are important parameters to reduce PPW drying time. The models Midilli and Diffusion had the lowest sum values, i.e., with the best fit to the drying data, satisfactorily representing the drying kinetics of PPW.

Perfil de ácidos graxos e fatores antinutricionais de amêndoas de pequi crua e torrada

Caryocar brasiliense Camb. is one of the most abundant fruits in the Brazilian Savannah. Its pulp is highly appreciated in the regional cuisine, but its almond (also edible) is little used. The consumption of raw almond can cause digestive problems, due to the possible presence of anti-nutritional factors , as well as roasting can nutritionally change it. T his study aimed at evaluating the centesimal composition, fatty acids profile and anti-nutritional factors, in raw and roasted (at 270oC, for 15 minutes) Caryocar brasiliense almonds from the Goias State, Brazil, submitted to analyses of centesimal composition (moisture, proteins, lipids, ashes, carbohydrates and energy value), fatty acids profile and anti-nutritional factors (trypsin, tannin and phytate inhibitors). The centesimal composition and anti-nutritional factors, respectively for raw and roasted almonds, showed the following values: moisture: 25.40% and 1.70%; ashes: 3.90% and 4.60%; proteins: 13.40% and 14.70%; lipids: 24.70% and 25.70%; carbohydrates: 32.50% and 53.30%; and energy value: 406.20 kcal/100 g and 503.00 kcal/100 g, with absence of trypsin inhibitors and tannins with 1.21% and 1.17% and phytates with 2.64% and 1.86%. In the fatty acids profile, respectively for raw and roasted almonds, 86.90% and 84.61% of saturated acids and 10.57% and 10.40% of unsaturated acids were observed. The roasting of almonds did not significantly affect ( p > 0.05) only the protein, thus interfering both in the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics .

Changes in the physicochemical and microbiological properties of frozen araça pulp during storage

Araca belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is popularly known as araca-comum, araca-azedo, or araca-do-campo. Frozen fruit pulp is of great importance for the food industry, which can produce it at the time of harvest, store it, and use it according to the demand of the consumer market and/or as an ingredient in the formulation of products such as yogurt, candies, and ice creams among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microbiological stability of frozen araca pulp during 12 months of frozen storage. It was observed that the levels of moisture (90.55-88.75%), ash (0.34-0.26%) total soluble sugars (7.11-6.62%), sucrose (3.55-1.39%), soluble pectin (0.24-0.23%), total pectin (0.5-0.46%), pH (3.82-2.31%), organic acids (698.12-122.25 µg.g-1 citric acid), and phenolic compounds (6.22-0.00 mg GAE.100 g-1) decreased during storage, whereas the levels of protein (0.61-0.83%), lipids (0.14-0.38%), total carbohydrates (8.36-9.78%), calorific value (37.14-45.86 kcal.100 g-1), reducing sugars (3.51-5.21%), soluble solids (5.17-6.0%), total antioxidant capacity (6.89-35.13%), and color parameters (L*49.75-50.67; a*0.79-1.82 and b*22.5-25.19) increased over the one-year storage period. According to the chemical and microbiological parameters assessed, the product can be stored for 12 months without loss of quality with addition of citric acid as a preservative.

Physiological development of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica).

It was evaluated the physiological aspects of the cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) development, from anthesis to ripening. The fruits have been subjected to physical and chemical analysis during the fruit life cycle. The total fruit development comprised 37days. There was a steady increase in the total mass of the fruits and significant increase in transverse and longitudinal diameter, adjusting the double sigmoidal behavior in response to changes in the time. From the 23rd DAA, it was observed the beginning of loss of firmness, increase in total and soluble pectin content and a decrease in starch content. It occurred degradation of total chlorophyll and unmasking of carotenoids from 31st days after anthesis. A decrease in pH and, therefore, increase in acidity, low soluble solids content. The sucrose content was extremely low during the cycle. At the end of development, the respiratory and ethylene production peak was observed, suggesting climacteric behavior.

Oxidative stability of cereal bars made with fruit peels and baru nuts packaged in different types of packaging

Food industries have been concerned about managing the waste generated by their production processes in order to minimize environmental impacts and also about the development of formulations with different and innovative ingredients such as fruits from the Brazilian savanna. Seeking to meet the expectations of consumers who desire healthy and practical products, this study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability and the variations in chemical composition and antioxidant potential of cereal bars made with fruit peels and baru nuts packaged in different types of packaging. The bars formulated were packed in four different types of packaging: laminated without vacuum (LWV), transparent without vacuum (TWV), transparent under vacuum (TV), and laminated under vacuum (LV); they were subsequently analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant activity, and oxidative capacity. The results showed that the cereal bars made with fruit peel and baru are sources of protein, dietary fiber, and fat, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids. The cereal bars exhibited oxidative stability up to 120 days of storage, and the type of packaging was not significant for the variables evaluated; therefore, they can be stored in low cost packaging such as transparent packaging without vacuum for a period of 120 days.