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Featured researches published by Flora Vilches.


Journal of Material Culture | 2011

From nitrate town to internment camp: the cultural biography of Chacabuco, northern Chile

Flora Vilches

Chacabuco is one of the many abandoned nitrate or ‘saltpeter’ towns in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The nitrate industry flourished from about 1880 to 1930, introducing a new system of production and social relations in the country. Founded in 1924, Chacabuco was active only until 1938, when synthetic nitrate developed by German chemists in the early 20th century began to dominate the industry. Unlike other nitrate ghost towns, Chacabuco later became an internment camp for a short period (1973–1974) during Pinochet’s military dictatorship. Chacabuco’s architecture of surveillance worked well for the military as they reused the nitrate workers’ residential units as cells for political prisoners. This article examines this change of use as well as other issues of continuity and change between the two occupations of the town. The author also discusses the ways in which archaeology may offer parallel and complementary evidence to documentary and oral sources.


Chungara | 2011

VARIACIONES SOBRE UN MISMO TEMA: EL ARTE RUPESTRE ASOCIADO AL COMPLEJO PICA-TARAPACÁ, NORTE DE CHILE

Flora Vilches; Gloria Cabello

Resumen es: Se presenta una sintesis de los resultados relativos al arte rupestre asociado a sitios habitacionales obtenidos durante cuatro anos de investigacion en ...


Chungara | 2008

ARQUEOLOGÍA DE ASENTAMIENTOS SALITREROS EN LA REGIÓN DE ANTOFAGASTA (1880-1930): SÍNTESIS Y PERSPECTIVAS

Flora Vilches; H Charles Rees; Claudia Zapata Silva

El desarrollo de la industria del salitre produjo un gran impacto entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, no solo a nivel mundial, sino que localmente en la pampa desertica. Junto con introducir un nuevo sistema de produccion de caracter capitalista, genero un nuevo sistema de relaciones sociales que produjo materialidades particulares. Los estudios arqueologicos sistematicos del ciclo salitrero se reducen a esfuerzos esporadicos en la decada de 1980 y otros mas recientes en los ultimos cinco anos, todos en la region de Antofagasta. En este articulo se sintetizan dichos estudios dejando en evidencia el claro deficit de arqueologia historica a nivel nacional -y sobre todo industrial- con respecto al desarrollo de la arqueologia prehispanica. En el marco de una arqueologia historico-capitalista mundial ya consolidada, discutimos, ademas, como la formalizacion misma de una arqueologia industrial del salitre puede contribuir a dar voz a grupos desplazados de discursos dominantes. La arqueologia aportaria evidencia paralela y complementaria del ciclo del salitre a aquella aportada desde la historia, literatura, sociologia y mas recientemente antropologia, siempre teniendo como fuente principal el documento escrito y/u oral, y privilegiando la “oficina” y el territorio tarapaqueno como ejes analiticos.


Estudios Atacamenos | 2014

La minería de la sal durante el siglo XX en San Pedro de Atacama, Chile (II Región): entre la explotación artesanal y la industrialización

Flora Vilches; Lorena Sanhueza; Cristina Garrido; Cecilia Sanhueza; Ulises Cárdenas

During the 20th century, rock salt exploitation in the oases of San Pedro de Atacama was part of the capitalist expansion mainly associated with the great copper mining industry and to other minor uses. Historical documentation of these practices is scarce, although material remains and former actors in the mining process still survive. In this article we present archaeological evidence of rock salt mining sites of different temporality, scale and nature of exploitation. Such differences illustrate the distinct ways in which the local population and newcomers related to this new mode of subsistence. We discuss the social implications for the native indigenous population of the coexistence of artisan salt exploitation and industrialization within the context of an oasis both isolated and globalized.


Arq (santiago) | 2014

Arquitectura de remeseros en San Pedro de Atacama

Flora Vilches; Lorena Sanhueza; Cristina Garrido

El cuerpo de material arquitectonico asociado al tiempo de las remesas de ganado en San Pedro de Atacama no parece formar parte del discurso patrimonial local. Sin embargo, su propia invisibilidad y memoria demostrarian que forma parte importante de la identidad atacamena.


Journal of Social Archaeology | 2007

The art of archaeology Mark Dion and his dig projects

Flora Vilches


Estudios Atacamenos | 2014

LA ARQUEOLOGÍA DE LA MINERÍA EN EL CENTRO-SUR ANDINO: BALANCE Y PERSPECTIVAS

Diego Salazar S; Flora Vilches


Archaeologies | 2015

The Contemporary Past of San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile: Public Archaeology?

Flora Vilches; Cristina Garrido; Patricia Ayala; Ulises Cárdenas


International Journal of Historical Archaeology | 2017

From Herders to Wage Laborers and Back Again: Engaging with Capitalism in the Atacama Puna Region of Northern Chile

Flora Vilches; Héctor Morales


The 81st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology | 2016

From herders to wage-laborers and back again: mountain mobility in the Puna of Atacama, northern Chile.

Flora Vilches; Héctor Morales

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Cristina Garrido

Austral University of Chile

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