Lorena Sanhueza

Dieta en sociedades alfareras de Chile central: aporte de análisis de isótopos estables

espanolEste trabajo pretende contribuir al conocimiento de los sistemas de subsistencia y asentamiento de las poblaciones alfareras prehispanas de Chile central, sobre la base de analisis de isotopos estables de carbono, nitrogeno y oxigeno realizados en hueso y dientes humanos. Dicha tecnica no se habia aplicado anteriormente en esta region y, a diferencia de la informacion inferida de restos botanicos, faunisticos y artefactuales de sitios arqueologicos, asi como de patologias oseas y dentales, permitio reconocer y dimensionar lo que los individuos estudiados realmente consumieron. Los datos humanos fueron interpretados a la luz de las senales isotopicas de los recursos vegetales y faunisticos de Chile central que fueron analizados con la misma metodologia. Los principales aportes son: evidencia concreta de patrones alimentarios diferenciados segun grupo cultural; baja dependencia en los recursos marinos de casi todos los habitantes costeros; evidencia indirecta de patrones de movilidad costa-interior que muestran diferencias entre las poblaciones del periodo Alfarero Temprano y del Intermedio Tardio; aumento del consumo de maiz a lo largo de la secuencia temporal especialmente en la poblacion Aconcagua; diferencias de genero en el consumo de maiz entre esta misma poblacion, con mayor consumo entre individuos masculinos. Los resultados confirman algunas hipotesis previamente planteadas, como la diferencia en las dietas de poblaciones contemporaneas Bato y Llolleo del periodo Alfarero Temprano, cuestionan otras, como la dependencia de los habitantes costeros de los alimentos marinos y abren nuevas preguntas que deberan explorarse en futuras investigaciones EnglishThis is the first time that stable carbon, nitrogen and oxygen isotope analyses of human bones and teeth have been used to reconstruct subsistence and settlement patterns of prehispanic ceramic societies from Central Chile. Isotope analyses, unlike the evidence from botanical, faunal and artifactual remains from archaeological sites, and from dental and skeletal pathologies, gave information of which resources were really eaten by each individual during the last years of their life. The human data were evaluated against isotopic values of marine and terrestrial resources from central Chile. These results were interpreted taking into consideration different lines of paleodiet evidence. The main contributions are: empirical evidence of dietary differences according to cultural groups; low dependence on marine foods for most people living on the coast; indirect evidence of mobility strategies that show differences between Early and Late Intermediate societies; increased dependence on maize with time, especially among the Aconcagua people; gender differences in maize consumption for the same Aconcagua groups, men showing the greatest levels of maize intake. The results support some hypotheses, such as the difference in dietary patterns between contemporary Bato and Lolleo groups, contradict others, such as the supposed importance of marine diet for coastal inhabitants, and open new research questions for the future

LA CERÁMICA PREHISPÁNICA TARDÍA DE TARAPACÁ, SUS VALLES INTERIORES Y COSTA DESÉRTICA, NORTE DE CHILE (CA. 900-1.450 D.C.) : UNA PROPUESTA TIPOLOGICA Y CRONOLÓGICA

In this paper we study the ceramic material from the archaeological villages of the Tarapaca region, located in the high ravines, the low valleys, and the coast to the west and east of Pampa del Tamarugal. Our objective is to do a systematic review of earlier studies by ourselves and by other investigators of domestic pottery in the region, to update knowledge about the culture history and social processes related to the still poorly known Pica Tarapaca cultural complex of northen Chile. We propose that this cultural complex developed during the Late Intermediate Period in at least two phases, initial and classic, that we have named Tarapaca Phase (ca. A.D. 900-1,250) and Camina Phase (ca. A.D. 1,250-1,450), respectively. We propose a local pottery tradition that began toward the end of the Formative Period and then, in the absence of Tiwanaku stylistic influences, incorporated new elements from the southern altiplano. This was the panorama that dominated the region when the Inka arrived. This work is intended to contribute with greater empirical evidence to the discussion about social dynamics and economic interaction between lowlands and highlands of this part of the South Central Andes during the Regional Developments of the Late Intermediate Period.

Analysis of Stable Isotopes: From the Archaic to the Horticultural Communities in Central Chile

Diet and mobility at the end of the Archaic period and the initial stage of the Early Ceramic period in central Chile are the subjects of this paper and are discussed on the basis of the results of stable isotope analysis of 20 individuals sampled from the Andean cordillera, central valley, and coast. The results indicate that the diet of Archaic groups living along the coast did not incorporate marine resources to any significant extent. Individuals sampled from the Early Ceramic period do not reveal consumption of animal protein, which raises the question of alternative sources for the protein necessary for survival. In terms of mobility, the results of the investigation suggest that the cordillera was occupied by people with a high‐mobility pattern.

CAMPAMENTOS RESIDENCIALES TARDÍOS A CIELO ABIERTO EN EL ALTO RÍO CISNES (REGIÓN DE AISÉN): APPELEG 1 (CIS 009)

We present the results of ongoing research of an open-air site in the upper Cisnes river. Appeleg 1 is a multi- component open air settlement dating to the last 1.500 years that shows a significantly diverse artefact assemblage. We present the context of the site, methods employed for recording and collecting spatial data, and the results of different analysis conducted on recovered material. We discuss some of the issues raised by the dataset and examine the potential of the methodology to investigate other open-air sites.

Las materias primas de la cerámica aconcagua salmón y sus implicancias para la interpretación de la organización de la producción alfarera

Resumen es: Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigacion sobre las pastas de la ceramica del tipo Aconcagua Salmon del periodo Intermedio Tardio de Chi...

La minería de la sal durante el siglo XX en San Pedro de Atacama, Chile (II Región): entre la explotación artesanal y la industrialización

During the 20th century, rock salt exploitation in the oases of San Pedro de Atacama was part of the capitalist expansion mainly associated with the great copper mining industry and to other minor uses. Historical documentation of these practices is scarce, although material remains and former actors in the mining process still survive. In this article we present archaeological evidence of rock salt mining sites of different temporality, scale and nature of exploitation. Such differences illustrate the distinct ways in which the local population and newcomers related to this new mode of subsistence. We discuss the social implications for the native indigenous population of the coexistence of artisan salt exploitation and industrialization within the context of an oasis both isolated and globalized.

Arquitectura de remeseros en San Pedro de Atacama

El cuerpo de material arquitectonico asociado al tiempo de las remesas de ganado en San Pedro de Atacama no parece formar parte del discurso patrimonial local. Sin embargo, su propia invisibilidad y memoria demostrarian que forma parte importante de la identidad atacamena.

Tradiciones Tecnológicas del Periódo Alfarero Temprano de Chile Central. un Estudio de Bordes, Materias Primas y PAstas de Vasijas de Cocina en la Microrregión de Angostura

Social organization in small scale societies, such as Early Ceramic Period groups in Central Chile, can be understood from a bottom up perspective, exploring...