Francine Neves Calil

Alterações na qualidade da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis causadas pela adubação mineral

A diversificada e importante aplicacao do lenho das plantacoes de eucalipto de rapido crescimento exige a analise do efeito dos fertilizantes minerais na qualidade do lenho. Dessa forma, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar as caracteristicas anatomicas e a densidade aparente do lenho de arvores de Eucalyptus grandis, plantadas no espacamento 3m x 2m e fertilizadas com potassio e sodio (no plantio, no 6o e no 12° mes). Foram selecionadas 15 arvores (5 arvores/tratamento) com 6 anos das quais foram cortadas amostras do lenho a 1,3 m de altura (DAP), para a analise das caracteristicas anatomicas (fibras e vasos) e fisica (densidade aparente). Os resultados apontaram que as arvores de eucalipto que receberam aplicacao de fertilizantes minerais nao sofreram alteracoes significativas na densidade aparente media do lenho, com modelos dos perfis radiais comuns nos tres tratamentos, caracterizados pelo aumento dos valores da regiao proxima a medula em direcao a casca. A fertilizacao mineral influenciou as caracteristicas anatomicas do lenho das arvores de eucalipto: o tratamento com sodio foi responsavel pela diminuicao na espessura da parede e pelo aumento no diâmetro do lume; no tratamento com potassio foram detectados vasos de maior diâmetro tangencial.

Produção de biomassa no corte raso em plantio de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze de 27 anos de idade em Quedas do Iguaçu, PR

This study, conducted in a 27-year-old Araucaria angustifolia stand in the municipality of Quedas do Iguacu (PR) county, aimed to estimate tree components, understory and accumulated litter biomasses. Biomass was estimated through regression equation adjustments, with 21 trees felled, distributed among 7 diametric classes, and with litter and understory based on known sample unit areas. Total stand biomass was 241.92 Mg ha -1 , with 82.2% composed of Araucaria angustifolia , 9.6% composed of understory and 8.2% composed by litter. Considering only Araucaria angustifolia , the biomass was of 198.62 Mg ha -1 , composed of wood (51.5%), bark (14.7%), roots (13.0%), lives branches (11.8%), aciculated branches (6.6%) and dead branches (0.5%). Relative biomass production for the wood component may be low, when compared to other forest species, mainly due to the high allocation in the bark component.

Biomassa em povoamentos de Eucalyptus spp. de pequenas propriedades rurais em Vera Cruz, RS

The study was conducted in 2, 4, 6 and 8 year-old Eucalyptus spp. stands, in the municipality of Vera Cruz, RS. The eucalyptus biomass sampling consisted of felling 24 trees, 6 trees per age, distributed in three diametric classes. The understory and litter compartments were also sampled. The estimated biomass was 26.70; 44.55; 192.67 and 232.93 Mg ha -1 in eucalyptus; 1.87; 1.97; 4.37 and 8.24 Mg ha -1 in understory and 4,05; 5,98; 11,80 and 12,28 Mg ha -1 in the litter, totaling 32.62; 52.50; 208.84 and 253.45 Mg ha -1 , respectively, in 2, 4, 6 and 8 year stands. Except for the wood, all the other components of eucalyptus trees showed a decrease in relative biomass with the increase of age.

Biomassa e nutrientes no corte raso de um povoamento de Pinus taeda L. de 27 anos de idade em Cambará do Sul – RS

Este trabalho, realizado em um povoamento de Pinus taeda de 27 anos de idade no municipio de Cambara do Sul (RS) teve como objetivos: estimar a producao de biomassa, o estoque de nutrientes e avaliar o impacto nutricional de diferentes intensidades de remocao de biomassa com a colheita florestal. A biomassa foi estimada por meio do ajuste de equacoes de regressao, com coleta de 15 arvores distribuidas em 5 classes diametricas. O estoque de nutrientes foi obtido pelo produto entre o conteudo medio de nutrientes em cada componente da biomassa e o numero de arvores por classe diametrica por hectare. A biomassa de Pinus taeda, acima do solo, foi estimada em 266,08 Mg ha-1, sendo composta por: 69,1 % de madeira do tronco, 17,1 % de galhos vivos, 6,7 % de casca do tronco, 3,8 % de galhos secos e 3,4 % de aciculas. O estoque de nutrientes na biomassa, em kg ha-1, foi estimado em: 511,96 de N; 44,39 de P; 174,27 de K; 310,77 de Ca; 103,80 de Mg; 115,36 de S; 2,94 de B; 0,62 de Cu; 17,34 de Fe; 36,70 de Mn e 4,46 de Zn. A distribuicao relativa do estoque total de nutrientes nos componentes da biomassa de Pinus taeda apresentou a seguinte sequencia: madeira do tronco (43,6 %), galhos vivos (24,8 %), aciculas (19,0 %), casca do tronco (8,7 %) e galhos secos (3,9 %). A colheita de toda biomassa acima do solo, quando comparada com a retirada apenas da madeira do tronco, acarreta uma elevacao na exportacao de nutrientes que pode variar de 58,0 % a 127,4 %, dependendo do nutriente, enquanto a remocao de biomassa aumentou 40,8 %.

Ion input via rainwater in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Ion input via rainfall alone and after interception by the forest canopy, constitutes an important path of biochemical cycling, although few studies have provided information on the subject so far. The objective of this work is to quantify ion inputs, via rainfall, in the southwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Ten rain gauges were mounted in a field area. The quantification of stored water volume, along with sample collection for determination of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium contents, was done fortnightly from September 2006 to August 2008. Local annual average precipitation in the relevant period was 1,588.3 mm. The concentration of chemical elements in rainwater was found to vary throughout, being inversely correlated with the increase in rainfall, while potassium, ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, chloride and sodium were found to have a significant mutual correlation (p <0.01). Based on the annual amount of nutrient input via rainwater, it can be inferred that rainfall is an important source of chemical element input into the forest system.

Densidade de Fluxo de Fótons (DFF) em um sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF)

This study was conducted in a crop livestock forest system in Cachoeira Dourada, Goias state, Brazil. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding about plant-environment interaction, this study had as objective to analyze light input in two different periods (dry and wet season). For photon flux density (PFD) measurement, two quanta sensors (LI-250 A, Licor Inc., USA) were used, in photosynthetically active band. Data collection was done in each hour, starting at 9:45 and ending at 17:45, and also collected the control to full sun, and other collections in: (1 in the center of the row of trees, 2 – at 5 m of hedgerow 3 –at 10m of hedgerow 4- at 15m of hedgerow), in each point 4 replications were obtained. According to the observed results, it was possible to verify that there were differences among the chosen points, being the points 10 and 15 meters the ones that receive the most range of PAR.most receiving range (PAR). Therefore, CLFS system did not reduce photons flux density. Highest PFD was verified during the dry season however the highest variation was verified in the wet period. The greater the distance from the rows with trees, the greater the incidence of solar radiation.

Arborização urbana para mitigação das condições microclimáticas em Goiânia, Goiás

Urban trees can influence from landscape factors to microclimatic, affecting human well-being. This study had as objective to characterize two different sectors in Goiânia, Goias, Brazil and to verify how urban trees influence the microclimate. Two different areas, 1 km long each one, in two avenues from the city (Goias Av. and Planicie Av.). In each area, a census from all trees was conducted and the following variables were measured: temperature (oC), relative humidity (%), wind speed (km/h) and light intensity (lux). Descriptive analysis with absolute and relative frequency of tree species, Mann-Whitney (95%) test for comparing abundance among species, T Test (95%) for microclimate variables comparison among full sun and shaded areas in each one of the avenues and the last procedures were a principal components analysis (PCA) and a correspondence analysis (CCA) to verify the influence of environmental variables between full light and shaded areas. In areas shaded by trees crowns, temperatures, light intensity and wind speed showed lower values than shaded areas, while relative humidity showed higher values in these environments than in places without trees. Urban trees contribute to microclimatic conditions improvement in urban landscapes, positively influencing human well-being in urban centers.

Crescimento da acácia-negra em resposta a aplicação de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio

Em razao da escassez de informacoes sobre adubacao em acacia-negra, no presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento de plantas de acacia-negra em funcao de diferentes niveis de adubacao com nitrogenio, fosforo e potassio, apos seis anos da implantacao. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com distribuicao trifatorial (doses de fertilizantes). Avaliou-se a altura total (m), diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) (cm) e volume de madeira com casca (m³ ha-1). A acacia-negra apresentou resposta positiva e significativa, de crescimento as adubacoes com N e P (interacao) e ausencia de resposta ao K. Para a obtencao do maximo crescimento da acacia-negra, para a condicao edafoclimatica estudada, deve-se utilizar a dose maxima de nitrogenio (40,0 kg ha-1 de N) e 78,9 kg ha-1 de fosforo, nao sendo necessaria a adicao de potassio via fertilizantes.