Francisca Márcia Pereira Linhares

Práticas de saúde das equipes dos Consultórios de Rua

Existem dois fenomenos distintos que se interligam, considerados graves problemas de saude publica: o viver nas ruas e o uso de drogas. Diante dessa problematica os Consultorios de Rua foram implementados privilegiando a abordagem nos contextos de vida do usuario morador de rua. O objetivo foi conhecer as praticas de saude realizadas no cotidiano das equipes dos Consultorios de Rua, alem de descrever as estrategias de atuacao das equipes, conhecer o entendimento das equipes sobre educacao em saude e desvelar os sentimentos sobre o processo de trabalho na rua. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com observacao participante e analise de conteudo proposta por Bardin. Da analise das entrevistas de 15 participantes, emergiram cinco categorias tematicas. As praticas de saude pelas equipes privilegiam o vinculo e o acolhimento das pessoas em situacao de rua, reforcando a importância do protagonismo do usuario e da interdisciplinaridade, bem como o trabalho em rede intersetorial.

Pacientes em hemodiálise com fístula arteriovenosa: conhecimento, atitude e prática

Objective: To identify the knowledge, attitude and practice in self-care patients receiving dialysis with arteriovenous fistula. Methods: Descriptive study a...Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento, atitude e pratica dos pacientes em hemodialise sobre autocuidado com fistula arteriovenosa. Metodos: Estudo descritivo, corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Envolveu 30 pacientes que realizavam hemodialise por meio de fistula arteriovenosa no Hospital Barao de Lucena. Resultados: 97,7% dos pacientes apresentaram conhecimento inadequado. A atitude foi adequada em 70% dos pesquisados. A pratica de autocuidado com a fistula foi inadequada em 97,7% dos pacientes. Conclusao: Apesar da maioria dos pacientes apresentarem uma atitude adequada em relacao aos cuidados com a fistula, seu conhecimento e pratica foram inadequados. O conhecimento inadequado, provavelmente, influenciou em uma pratica inapropriada. O uso do material escrito pode ser recomendado como um instrumento facilitador para estrategias educativas posteriores, ja que tambem permite uma leitura posterior pelo usuario, possibilitando-lhe a superacao de eventuais duvidas.

Hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula: knowledge, attitude and practice

Objective: To identify the knowledge, attitude and practice in self-care patients receiving dialysis with arteriovenous fistula. Methods: Descriptive study a...Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento, atitude e pratica dos pacientes em hemodialise sobre autocuidado com fistula arteriovenosa. Metodos: Estudo descritivo, corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Envolveu 30 pacientes que realizavam hemodialise por meio de fistula arteriovenosa no Hospital Barao de Lucena. Resultados: 97,7% dos pacientes apresentaram conhecimento inadequado. A atitude foi adequada em 70% dos pesquisados. A pratica de autocuidado com a fistula foi inadequada em 97,7% dos pacientes. Conclusao: Apesar da maioria dos pacientes apresentarem uma atitude adequada em relacao aos cuidados com a fistula, seu conhecimento e pratica foram inadequados. O conhecimento inadequado, provavelmente, influenciou em uma pratica inapropriada. O uso do material escrito pode ser recomendado como um instrumento facilitador para estrategias educativas posteriores, ja que tambem permite uma leitura posterior pelo usuario, possibilitando-lhe a superacao de eventuais duvidas.

Construtos teóricos de Paulo Freire norteando as estratégias de promoção à amamentação

Objectives: to reflect on the use of the theoretical constructs of Paulo Freire, dialogue, ethics and problematization for the promotion of breastfeeding involving the womans social network. Methods: a theoretical trial was carried out, consisting of a logical, argumentative and critical exposition, guided by Freires thinking applied to breastfeeding, as a way of providing new approaches to actions promoting this practice. Results: the development of educational actions based on a theoretical point of reference may be able to guide the implementation of breastfeeding promotion strategies, based on the critical reflection of the practice of liberationist pedagogy, centered on dialogical, problematizing, ethical knowledge, in the context of the reality of all the actors involved in maternal breastfeeding. Conclusions: the theoretical constructs of Paulo Freire value popular knowledge and the exchange of know-how in the establishment of a relation of trust between health professionals and pregnant/nursing women and their family members during actions to promote maternal breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding promotion and support strategies based on Paulo Freire's epistemological categories

OBJECTIVE: This study identified strategies for promoting breastfeeding involving pregnant women, breastfeeding women and actors of the social support network for the breastfeeding process. METHODS: This qualitative study was guided by action research and the focal group technique to collect data. Focal Group 1 consisted of four pregnant and six breastfeeding women; Focal Group 2 consisted of six family members; and Focal Group 3 consisted of thirteen health professionals. The focal groups were guided by the following questions: What breastfeeding promotion and support actions should be done? How should they be performed? Who should perform them? The conversation sunder went thematic content analysis and were interpreted in the light of Paulo Freires theoretical constructs: dialogue, ethics and problematization. RESULTS: Four themes were emerged from the conversations: dialogue-based educational actions involving the social support network during the vital cycle; educational actions in schools; educational actions in the media; ongoing counseling at Family Health Units. CONCLUSION: The constructed strategies were centered on dialogue and active listening. Both should be present during the entire vital cycle and in the Family Health Strategy, and involve all actors of the social support network. These strategies may disrupt the unidirectional transmission of the educational practices that promote breastfeeding.

Newborn and infant hearing health education for nursing professionals

UNLABELLED Hearing loss is a sensory deprivation, which can brings several consequences, among them: language development delay, emotional and social problems, and school difficulties. In such settings, we stress the role of nursing professional, who can expand their knowledge about childrens hearing health, all the way from pre-natal care. OBJECTIVE To check the knowledge of nursing professional after the educational actions on pediatric hearing. METHOD A quasi-experimental design with timeseries outline. We had 82 nursing professional participating (nurses, technicians and assistants) working in a university hospital between March and September of 2011. All of the interviewees answered a semi-structured questionnaire before and after the educational actions. RESULTS We observed a significant change in the knowledge of the nursing professionals after the educational activity in most of the variables; such as: ideal age to perform the newborn hearing screening; ideal age to diagnose hearing loss; ideal age to start intervention against hearing loss and risk indicators for hearing loss. CONCLUSION It is believed that the methodology used in educational activities, based on problems found in professional practice, education may have contributed greatly to increase knowledge about hearing health, especially concerning neonates and infants.

Percepção materna da imagem corporal de seus filhos em aleitamento materno exclusivo

Objective: Understanding maternal perception of their child’s body image in exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured and projective interviews, with 14 mothers of children aged one to five months old. An analysis of the thematic content was performed using the Theory of Social Representations. Results: The visual and verbal classification of their children’s body image by mothers matched the nutritional diagnosis in nine cases. Three thematic categories were identified: distance between visual classification and perception of normal weight; minimization and rejection of weight extremes; and perception of child health versus exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Mothers reject the weight extremes, understand the benefits of breastfeeding, but they show a distancing of the concept of normal weight.

Effect of the board game as educational technology on schoolchildren’s knowledge on breastfeeding

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of the board game as an educational technology on schoolchildren’s knowledge on breastfeeding. Method: cluster-randomized clinical trial, held in nine schools, with 99 children in the third grade of elementary school (control group = 51 and intervention group = 48). The pretest was conducted in both groups; intervention consisted in the application of the educational technology immediately after pretest to the intervention group; and the post-test was applied on the 7th and 30th days to both groups. For the analysis of children’s knowledge on breastfeeding, we considered the pre- and post-test score means, using the Mann-Whitney test - for comparing the means between groups - and the Wilcoxon test - within the same group. Results: there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the pretest. In the follow-up, when comparing the groups, there were higher means in the intervention group, on the 7th (19.68 ±1.788) and on the 30th (20.16±1.260) days, with statistically significant difference. Within the intervention group, there was significant increase of the means in the pretest (15.89±3.082) for the 30th day (20.16±1.260). Conclusion: such educational intervention has significantly contributed to the increase in scores of children’s knowledge on breastfeeding for the intervention group. UTN: U1111-1184-7386.Martins FDP, Leal LP, Linhares FMP, Santos AHS, Leite GO, Pontes CM. Effect of the board game as educational technology on schoolchildren’s knowledge on breastfeeding. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2018;26:e3049 [Access ___ __ ____]; Available in: ___________________. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2316.3049. día mes año URL Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 2018;26:e3049 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2316.3049 www.eerp.usp.br/rlae

Características da rede social de apoio ineficaz: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Avaliar as caracteristicas da rede social de apoio ineficaz evidenciadas em sua estrutura, funcionalidade e dinâmica. Metodo: Revisao integrativa, realizada em dezembro de 2017, nas bases Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, CUIDEN, BDENF, Lilacs e biblioteca SciELO por meio de combinacoes entre descritores — Rede Social, Redes Sociais, Apoio Social, Redes de Apoio Social e o termo “ineficaz”—, encontrando-se 2.012 publicacoes e 24 compuseram a amostra. A analise dos resultados foi alicercada nas dimensoes da Rede Social de apoio. Resultados: Na dimensao estrutural, observaram-se caracteristicas referentes a amplitude, densidade da rede e fragilidade dos lacos; na funcional, o nao cumprimento da funcao de apoio social em diferentes ocasioes; na dinâmica, conflitos e situacoes inesperadas interferiram negativamente. Conclusao: A avaliacao das caracteristicas de rede social de apoio ineficaz permite melhor compreensao das relacoes e instrumentaliza enfermeiros na mobilizacao dessas redes direcionada ao bem-estar da pessoa, familia e coletividade. Palavras-chave: Rede social. Apoio social. Enfermagem. Diagnostico de enfermagem. Processo de enfermagem. Educacao em saude.

Apoios à mulher/nutriz nas peças publicitárias da Semana Mundial da Amamentação

Objective: to unveil the support to woman/nourisher in the advertisements of the World Breastfeeding Week. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory, documentary, qualitative study. Since the collection until the analyses of these advertisements, we adopted the methodological steps of Gemma Penn, based on the semiology of Roland Barthes. The results were interpreted by the theory of Social Network of Sanícola and of the five types of support: companionship, emotional, instrumental, informational, and self-supportive. Results: we identified actors of the social network of the woman/nourisher in nine advertisements of the 22 world breastfeeding weeks. In five of them, partner, grandmother, and brother showed emotional and companionship support to breastfeeding. We observed self-support in three posters; instrumental support in one; and informational support in none. Conclusion: the support unraveled in only five advertisements included: emotional, companionship, instrumental, and self-supportive. In the others, there was no support. The set of supports was not revealed in any of them.Objetivo: desvendar os apoios da rede social da mulher/nutriz nas pecas publicitarias da Semana Mundial da Amamentacao. Metodo: estudo descritivo, exploratorio, documental, qualitativo. Desde a coleta ate a analise dessas pecas, foram adotados os passos metodologicos de Gemma Penn, fundamentados na semiologia de Roland Barthes. Os resultados foram interpretados pela teoria da Rede Social de Sanicola e dos cinco tipos de apoio: presencial, emocional, instrumental, informativo e autoapoio. Resultados: em nove pecas publicitarias das 22 semanas mundiais da amamentacao, identificou-se/identificaram-se ator(es) da rede social da mulher/nutriz. Em cinco delas, companheiro, avo e irmao demonstraram apoio emocional e presencial a amamentacao. Percebeu-se o autoapoio em tres cartazes; o apoio instrumental, em um cartaz; e o apoio informativo, em cartaz algum. Conclusao: os apoios desvendados em apenas cinco pecas publicitarias incluiram: emocional, presencial, instrumental e autoapoio. Nas demais, nao havia apoio. Em nenhuma delas, o conjunto dos apoios foi revelado.Objetivo: desvelar los apoyos de la red social de la mujer/nutriz en las piezas publicitarias de la Semana Mundial da Lactancia Materna. Metodo: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, documental, cualitativo. Desde la reunion hasta el analisis de esas piezas, se adoptaron los pasos metodologicos de Gemma Penn, fundamentados en la semiologia de Roland Barthes. Los resultados fueron interpretados por la teoria de la Red Social de Sanicola y de los cinco tipos de apoyo: presencial, emocional, instrumental, informativo y auto-apoyo. Resultados: en nueve piezas publicitarias de las 22 semanas mundiales de la lactancia materna, seidentifico/se identificaron actor(es) de la rede social de la mujer/nutriz. En cinco de ellas, companero, abuelo y hermano demostraron apoyo emocional y presencial a la lactancia materna. El auto-apoyo se vio en tres carteles; el apoyo instrumental, en un cartel; y el apoyo informativo, en ningun cartel. Conclusion: los apoyos desvelados en solo cinco piezas publicitarias incluyeron: emocional, presencial, instrumental y auto-apoyo. En las demas, no habia apoyo. El conjunto de los apoyos no se revelo en ninguna de ellas.