Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Díaz

Development of the Gender Role Attitudes Scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people

Gender roles depend on the attitudes and beliefs about them, which at the same time facilitate the formation of stereotypes that will foster violence in interpersonal relationships in couples. The assessment tools used tend to represent the sexist attitude towards women, without taking into account that men can also be recipients of the same behavior from their partner. The objective of the study is to provide an improved scale for the assessment of gender role attitudes, based on the theoretical perspective of gender equality. The sample comprises 2,136 young Spanish men and women, students in Vocational Training (Spanish acronym FP) and at university in the age range 15-26 years old. The results show the existence of a single bipolar factor - transcendent attitudes vs. sexist attitudes - fulfilling psychometric fit indices, and providing the basis for modifying attitudes depending on the difficulty of the items for such modification. The implications for intervention are oriented based on the perspective of prevention and changing sexist gender attitudes.

Risk factors for school dropout in a sample of juvenile offenders

Backgrounds: The high rates of school dropout worldwide and their relevance highlight the need for a close study of its causes and consequences. Literature has suggested that school dropout might be explained by multiple causes at different levels (individual, family, school, and neighborhood). The aim of the current study is to examine the relation between individual (defiant attitude, irresponsibility, alcohol abuse, and illegal drugs use), family (educational figure absent and parental monitoring), school factors (truancy and school conflict) and school dropout. Method: Judicial files of all juvenile offenders (218 males and 46 females) with a judicial penal measure in Asturias (Spain) in the year 2012 were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the relationships between school dropout and individual, family and school variables. Results: As for the individual characteristics, results showed that school dropouts were more irresponsible than non-dropouts. Also they had higher rates of illegal drug use and alcohol abuse. Moreover, lack of parental monitoring emerged as a key predictive factor of school dropout, beyond the type of family structure in terms of the presence of both or only one educational figure. Finally, school factors did not show a significant relationship to school dropout. Conclusions: These findings indicate that school dropout is a multidimensional process. School and family policies that emphasize the role of parental monitoring and prevent alcohol and substance abuse are recommended.

Validation of Dating Violence Questionnarie-R (DVQ-R)

Background/Objective Despite the growing interest in the study of dating violence, relatively few psychometrically sound instruments are available to researchers. To provide an instrument to researchers and professionals to assess victimization in dating relationships, with adequate psychometric properties. Method: Participants were 6,138 adolescents drawn from the general population, 25% of which were university students. Participants responded to the original Dating Violence Questionnaire (DVQ). Results: Confirmatory analyses results provided evidence of a clear factorial structure that was invariant through sex groups. The DVQ-R measures with 20 items five dimensions of abuse in affective interpersonal relationships of adolescents and youth: Detachment, Humiliation, Coercion, Physical and Sexual violence. Internal consistency indexes were adequate for both each one of the five dimensions as well as for the general scale. Conclusions: The DVQ-R is an useful assessment to be applied in adolescents and youth. Implications for research and intervention are discussed in light of the results obtained.

Adaptación del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) a la Población Penitenciaria de Mexico

The aim of the present study is to adapt the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) to the prison context. The sample consisted of 261 prisoners, 97% were male (n = 253) from Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atencion a Liberados (DSPAL) of Jalisco, Mexico. The instruments used were Record of Prison Life History and the CSI. The results reported a first-order structure almost identical to that obtained for the general population with satisfactory levels of internal consistency whereas the results of second-order interpretation do not confirm the original structure of second and third order. The implications of the results for prison intervention are discussed.

Análise diferencial da percepção de jovens sobre maltrato no namoro

• Resumen (analítico): En este estudio nuestra pretensión es la de conocer el grado de victimización sufrida en una muestra de individuos mexicanos de ambos sexos y escolarizados, y analizar en cada uno de los niveles educativos el poder predictivo de las distintas formas de victimización en la pareja, sobre el uso de las etiquetas de maltrato-sentirse maltratado y tener miedo-. Participaron 3495 estudiantes de México escolarizados a quienes les aplicamos el Cuestionario

Análisis diferencial de la percepción de jóvenes sobre maltrato en el noviazgo

• Resumen (analítico): En este estudio nuestra pretensión es la de conocer el grado de victimización sufrida en una muestra de individuos mexicanos de ambos sexos y escolarizados, y analizar en cada uno de los niveles educativos el poder predictivo de las distintas formas de victimización en la pareja, sobre el uso de las etiquetas de maltrato-sentirse maltratado y tener miedo-. Participaron 3495 estudiantes de México escolarizados a quienes les aplicamos el Cuestionario