Carolina Bringas Molleda

Unperceived Dating Violence among Mexican Students

The aim of this ex post facto study was to determine the level of self-perceived abuse and the feelings of fear and entrapment that exist among Mexican students in a dating relationship. We intended to explore possible differences in the prevalence of the various types of violence or victimization between individuals who perceive themselves as being abused and those who do not, combining such perceptions with the feelings of fear and entrapment. The sample was composed of 3,495 Mexican students, of which 1,927 were pre-university students (M= 20.16; SD= 2.13) and 1,568 were university students (M= 15.99; SD= 1.64). We applied a questionnaire on socio-demographic data and the Cuestionario de Violencia entre Novios (CUVINO, Dating Violence Questionnaire). Results showed that 88% of participants did not feel abused by their boyfriend or girlfriend; yet, 15.2% reported having been afraid and 27% reported having felt trapped in the relationship at some point. The data revealed that a considerable majority of youth in the sample had been victims of unperceived abuse. More specifically, they presented evidence of having experienced abuse in their dating relationship even when they described themselves as not being abused.

Adaptación y motivación escolar: análisis de la influencia del consumo de medios electrónicos de comunicación por adolescentes

La influencia que puede tener en el rendimiento escolar de la poblacion juvenil el uso de los distintos medios de comunicacion electronicos es un tema que preocupa y en el que existen discrepancias en los resultados, al mismo tiempo que no se alcanzan conclusiones o acuerdos definitivos. Ofrecer una respuesta a ello es el objetivo del presente trabajo. La muestra son adolescentes (N = 433), de ambos sexos, de la Comunidad Autonoma del Principado de Asturias, procedentes de centros de educacion secundaria (urbanos y suburbanos). El diseno, de caracter descriptivo, trata de correlacionar el exito o fracaso academico —suspensos de asignaturas a final de curso escolar—, asi como la motivacion para el estudio —tiempo que los escolares dedican a sus tareas academicas fuera del tiempo de clase—, con el uso y consumo de los diferentes medios electronicos de comunicacion. Los resultados ofrecen la realidad del uso y consumo de los medios de comunicacion electronicos por nuestros adolescentes, al mismo tiempo que incide en la importancia diferencial de la variable sexo y orienta la investigacion a establecer la importancia tanto de los recursos interpersonales para conocer a otros adolescentes como de los propios economicos y educativos presentes en el contexto de socializacion familiar.

Validación transcultural de una escala de clima emocional para ámbitos organizacionales penitenciarios

Assuming that the perception of emotional climate results in the social interaction of the individual with environmental events, this study is based on the need for a tool to assess the climate in a stressful environment like prisons. The objective is to adapt an emotional climate scale, whilst establishing the factors that shape it and their relationship to the level of burn-out in prison workers in their work, and seeking to determine the degree of stability at a transcultural level. The participants were 728 prison workers in Colombia (N = 506, 369 men and 137 women) and in Spain (N = 222, 164 males and 58 females), with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years, and were mainly prison guards. The tools used were the CEP- Organizational Emotional Climate in Prisons (Ruiz, 2007a, 2007b) and the Burnout Inventory-MBI by Maslach and Jackson (1981). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results show a two-factor structure: a positive and negative climate, offering good consistency, both for subscales and global scale, as evaluated in both prison climates, although with significant differences at the transcultural level. The stress variable exhibit differential convergence with respect to each of the contexts evaluated, and identify differential contextual variables. The results are discussed at the level of involvement for a better understanding of the bifactorial structure of emotional climate and its implications for future research and intervention level.

Relación entre violencia e integración social en las aulas de Educación Primaria

The aggressiveness in the school classrooms is a growing up phenomenon that is now in the center of the social concern. This study was conducted in a Elementary School Center at The Principality of Asturias, and aims to establish the relationship between the interactions the children make with their peers and the violent behaviors inside of the school based on the age and gender. Participants were 132 students. The results support the idea that boys show more violent behavior than girls, the age issue was significant (the upper grade of the student means more use of the violence). Besides the kids seen by their teacher as violent are rejected and less popular in the class; this does not happen in the case of both girls and the children of the lower grades, because there is not a significant correlation between aggressiveness and integration into the group

Análisis diferencial de la percepción de jóvenes sobre maltrato en el noviazgo

• Resumen (analítico): En este estudio nuestra pretensión es la de conocer el grado de victimización sufrida en una muestra de individuos mexicanos de ambos sexos y escolarizados, y analizar en cada uno de los niveles educativos el poder predictivo de las distintas formas de victimización en la pareja, sobre el uso de las etiquetas de maltrato-sentirse maltratado y tener miedo-. Participaron 3495 estudiantes de México escolarizados a quienes les aplicamos el Cuestionario

Adaptación del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) a la población penitenciaria de Mexico

The aim of the present study is to adapt the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) to the prison context. The sample consisted of 261 prisoners, 97% were male (n = 253) from Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atencion a Liberados (DSPAL) of Jalisco, Mexico. The instruments used were Record of Prison Life History and the CSI. The results reported a first-order structure almost identical to that obtained for the general population with satisfactory levels of internal consistency whereas the results of second-order interpretation do not confirm the original structure of second and third order. The implications of the results for prison intervention are discussed.

Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y delito: análisis de la relación entre edad de inicio y reincidencia

The entail between behavior transgressor and consumption of psychoactive substances has been studied in different investigations by the aim to establish a possible causal relation, without up to the date it has come near to definitive conclusions. The aim that we appear in this study is to know the age of beginning to the consumption of some substances, both legal and illegal, inside a penitentiary sample, dividing this one for the number of penitentiary income. There took part 157 prisoners of Villabonasprision (Asturias), of ages that they include from the 19 at the age of 49, being only women 5,1 %. The number of income in prison has qualified in two groups: Primary (an alone entry in the jail) and recidivism (two o more income). The analysis of survival realized by means of the procedure Kaplan-Meier, it offers significant differences in the age of beginning of the consumption in some of the considered substances, highlighting the importance of the precocious beginning in the consumption for the backslider prisoner population.