Francisco Jb Reifschneider

Contribuição portuguesa à produção e ao consumo de hortaliças no Brasil: uma revisão histórica

After the discovery of Brazil in 1500 and the beginning of its systematic colonization in 1530, the Portuguese have gradually settled along the Brazilian coast. An extensive exchange of plants, including vegetables, took place among Portugal, Brazil and other possessions in Africa and Asia by the Portuguese colonizers, sailors and Jesuits. In addition to diversifying the food, these introductions served as basic materials for breeding, often carried out empirically, searching the adaptation of these species to Brazilian soils and climate. After the eighteenth century, with the discovery of gold in Minas Gerais, Portuguese immigration to Brazil was intensified, with a strong urban development. Also, in the middle of the eighteenth century, there was a strong and systematized immigration from Acores to the South of Brazil. With it, many varieties of vegetables, specially onion and carrot, were brought to Brazil. Most of the Brazilian varieties originated from this material. Cultivar Baia-Periforme, the predominant onion variety in the Brazilian Southeast until the advent of hybrids, originated from selection within the portuguese cultivar Garrafal. The Creole onions, still today the most planted in Southern Brazil, were originated from germplasm brought by the Azoreans. In carrots, the so-called tropical germplasm, formed by selection of materials brought by the Azoreans, was the basis for the genetic improvement of tropical carrot, culminating with the release of cultivar Brasilia, in 1981, the most planted cultivar in summer. The Portuguese have left a profound legacy for Brazilian culture, present in some of our habits, including food habits. In the year we are completing 200 years of the arrival of the Portuguese royal family to Brazil, it is our opportunity to mention the Portuguese contributions to the production and consumption of vegetables in Brazil.

Reação de genótipos de Capsicum ao nematoide-das-galhas

Reaction of Capsicum genotypes to root-knot nematode The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of experimental hybrids of Capsicum annuum [‘Experimental Hybrid (EH)’ and its Reciprocal (EHR)] and Embrapa Hortalicas elite genotypes of C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. baccatum to Meloidogyne incognita race 1, M. javanica and M. enterolobii. The hybrid pepper ‘Magali R’ was used as susceptible control to M. incognita race 1 and resistant to M. javanica, and as resistant controls to M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica ‘Silver’ and ‘Snooker’ rootstocks were used. ‘Rutgers’ tomato was used to confirm the viability of the inoculum. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with six replications. Thirty-day old seedlings were transplanted to 2.0 L pots containing a mixture of soil, sand, cattle manure and carbonized rice husk (1:1:1:1). Plants were inoculated after transplanting with deposition of 5.0 mL of suspension containing 5,000 eggs and J2 of each species alone. After seventy days, plants were assessed by measuring the index of egg mass and galls, the number of eggs per gram of roots and the reproduction factor. The C. annuum experimental rootstock hybrids were resistant to M. incognita and M. javanica and susceptible to M. enterolobii, similar to ‘Silver’ and ‘Snooker’. The hybrid ‘Magali R’ only showed resistance to M. javanica. Elite genotypes of C. chinense and C. baccatum were susceptible to all three species, while genotypes of C. frutescens were susceptible only to M. enterolobii. The experimental hybrids of Capsicum annuum and most genotypes of C. frutescens may be used in protected cultivation areas infested with M. incognita race 1 and M. javanica. However the search for resistant genotypes to M. enterolobii, as well as the development and adoption of control strategies is of crucial importance.