Luciano de Bem Bianchetti

A revision of Habenaria section Macroceratitae (Orchidaceae) in Brazil

Habenaria sect.Macroceratitae from Brazil is revised, and seven species are recognized:H. bractescens, H. gourlieana, H. johannensis, H. longicauda, H. macronectar, H. nabucoi, and the newly describedH. paulistana. A main feature of these species is the presence of long, separated, involute stigmatic processes.Habenaria bractescens, H. gourlieana, H. johannensis, andH. macronectar are distributed mainly from central and southeastern Brazil to southern Brazil and southern South America, whereasH. longicauda andH. nabucoi are distributed mainly from west central, southeastern and northeastern Brazil to northern South America.Habenaria paulistana is restricted to the state of São Paulo.Habenaria bradei, H. juergensii, andH. sartoroides are lectotypified, andH. kleyi is neotypified. The identity ofH. fastor is discussed andH. nabucoi is recognized as the valid name for this species. Seven other species previously placed in sect.Macroceratitae are sufficiently distinct and are removed from the section.ResumenÉ apresentada uma revisão deHabenaria seçãoMacroceratitae de ocorrência no Brasil, sendo reconhecidas sete espécies:H. bractescens, H. gourlieana, H. johannensis, H. longicauda, H. macronectar, H. nabucoi e uma nova espécie descrita comoH. paulistana. Uma das principais características destas espécies são os estigmas separados, longos e com as bordas involutas.Habenaria bractescens, H. gourlieana, H. johannensis eH. macronectar distribuem-se principalmente do Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil ao Sul do Brasil e Sul da América do Sul, enquantoH. longicauda eH. nabucoi distribuem-se principalmente do Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil ao Norte da América do Sul.Habenaria paulistana é restrita ao estado de São Paulo.Habenaria bradei, H. juergensii eH. sartoroides são lectotipificadase H. kleyi é neotipificada. A identidade deH. fastor é discutida eH. nabucoi é reconhecido como o nome válido para esta espécie. Outras sete espécies previamente incluídas na seçãoMacroceratitae são suficientemente distintas e são excluídas da seção.

Orchidaceae da Reserva Ecológica do Guará, DF, Brasil

E apresentada uma relacao de Orchidaceae para a Reserva Ecologica do Guara, pequena unidade de conservacao com 194 ha, localizada no Distrito Federal, na regiao central do Brasil. Sao registrados 44 generos, 100 especies e cinco taxons subespecificos. Os grupos mais bem representados sao o genero Habenaria (32 taxons), a subtribo Spiranthinae (seis generos e 14 taxons) e o genero Cyrtopodium (sete especies). Do total de taxons da Reserva, 80 (76%) sao terrestres e 22 (21%) sao epifiticos. Nas fitofisionomias florestais ocorrem 42 taxons, distribuidos segundo um gradiente vertical de umidade e luminosidade. Nas fitofisionomias campestres ocorrem 63 taxons, distribuidos segundo um gradiente horizontal de umidade que vai do campo limpo inundavel ao campo sujo seco e cerrado. O campo limpo inundavel e o campo limpo estacionalmente umido, com 42 taxons, sao as fitofisionomias com o maior numero de taxons. Para todo o bioma cerrado, a Reserva Ecologica do Guara, embora com area pequena, representa a localidade conhecida com maior numero de taxons de Orchidaceae. Considerando o conhecimento atual, a Reserva Ecologica do Guara rivaliza ou mesmo sobrepuja, em numero de taxons, outras areas consideradas ricas em diversidade para a familia e pertencentes a outros biomas.

A Synopsis of the Genus Cyrtopodium (Catasetinae: Orchidaceae)

ABSTRACT A synopsis is presented for the Neotropical genus Cyrtopodium. Type data, taxonomic status, geographical distribution, and nomenclatural and taxonomic notes are presented for each species. A total of 116 names have been proposed in the genus, of which 50 are accepted here (47 species and three subspecific taxa). The identity of five species in the list is unclear. Forty names are synonyms in the genus, five are nomina nuda, and 21 belong in other genera including Eulophia, Koellensteinia, Otostylis, Eriopsis, Tetramicra, and Oncidium. Brazil, with 39 species, is the country with the highest number of species, followed by Bolivia and Venezuela, with nine species each. The main center of diversity of the genus is the cerrado vegetation of central Brazil, were 29 taxa are found. Field and taxonomic research on the genus in the last 15 years has led to the description of 19 new and accepted species, most from central Brazil. Eight lectotypifications and one new synonym are proposed. Cyrtopodium flavum is recognized as the accepted name for C. polyphyllum.

A Synopsis of New World Habenaria (Orchidaceae) II

Abstract. A synopsis of the genus Habenaria is presented for the New World species in two parts. The second part of the synopsis lists species in the range M–Z.

Three new taxa in Cyrtopodium (Orchidaceae) from central and southeastern Brazil

Cyrtopodium brunneum, C. lamellaticallosum andC. poecilum var.roseum, from thecerrado andcampo rupestre vegetation of central and southeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. Although the description ofCyrtopodium gonzalezii indicated that it is a distinct species, the holotype is referrable toC. brandonianum. The undescribed plants are now described here asC. brunneum.Cyrtopodium gonzalezii is placed in the synonym ofC. brandonianum.

Taxonomy, distribution and new taxa from the Habenaria crucifera (section Nudae, Orchidaceae) aggregate from Brazil and the Guianas.

The taxonomy, morphology, and geographic distributions of Habenaria crucifera and related species in section Nudae were investigated. Habenaria galeandriformis and H. montiswilhelminae are included in the affinity of H. crucifera and four new taxa are described: H. cardiostigmatica, H. crucifera var. brevidactyla, H. guaraensis, and H. spanophytica. These species form a subgroup within section Nudae, characterized by linear grass-like leaves that are appressed to the stem; green flowers; simple or discretely bipartite petals; a tripartite lip; a rostellum midlobe completely placed between the two anther loci; stigma lobes that are closely parallel; and a separated hemipollinarium. This group of species ranges from the Guianas to the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil, but is concentrated in the cerrado of central Brazil. Diagnostic characters, illustrations, descriptions and notes on the habitat, distribution, phenology, and conservation status are presented for all species here recognized.ResumoA taxonomia, morfologia e distribuição geográfica de Habenaria crucifera e espécies relacionada na seção Nudae foi investigada. Habenaria galeandriformis e H. montiswilhelminae são incluídas na afinidade de H. crucifera e quatro táxons novos são descritos: H. cardiostigmatica, H. crucifera var. brevidactyla, H. guaraensis e H. spanophytica. Essas espécies formam um subgrupo da seção Nudae caracterizado pelas folhas graminóides, lineares, apressas ao caule, flores verdes, pétala simples ou discretamente bipartida, labelo tripartido, lobo mediano do rostelo completamente compreendido entre os lóculos da antera, lobos do estigma próximos, paralelos, e hemipolinários separados. A distribuição das espécies estende-se das Guianas até o estado do Rio Grande do Sul no sul do Brasil, mas concentra-se no cerrado do Brasil central. Caracteres diagnósticos, ilustrações, descrição e comentários sobre o habitat, distribuição, fenologia e status de conservação são apresentados para cada espécie.

Four New Species in Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the Espinhaço Range, Brazil

Abstract Four new species of Habenaria restricted to the Espinhaço Range in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia are described: H. reflexicalcar, H. hippocrepica, H. quadriferricola, and H. espinhacensis. Specimens were collected as long ago as 1816, but they were misidentified or unidentified in herbarium collections. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences showed that these species form a highly supported clade, denominated Espinhacenses, which is related to other species having linear, grass-like leaves that are concentrated in the cerrado and campos rupestres vegetation of central and southeastern Brazil, although the closest relatives to the Espinhacenses clade were not resolved. There are no apparent morphological synapomorphies for the clade, it being characterized by a combination of characters, including slender plants, linear leaves, spiral inflorescences, few to many small and glabrous flowers, a pedicel that is shorter than the ovary, and separate hemipollinaria.

Descriptions and phylogenetic relationships of four new species and a new name of Habenaria (Orchidaceae) from the cerrado and campos rupestres of Brazil

Four new orchid species and one variety from the cerrado and campos rupestres of central and south-eastern Brazil are described and illustrated: Habenaria brachydactyla, H. irwiniana, H. minuta, H. pansarinii, and H. pansarinii var. minuscula. Habenaria campylogyna is proposed as a new name for the illegitimate H. humilis Cogniaux. The five species differ from other Neotropical taxa by being small, slender plants with linear leaves concentrated at the base of the stem. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences revealed that they are not closely related, and do not belong to any of the previously identified Neotropical subclades. All of the new taxa were recovered in isolated positions, branching from basal nodes of larger subclades, suggesting that these morphological characters represent plesiomorphic traits in the Neotropical clade. Habenaria brachydactyla is genetically distinct and represents an early lineage of the Neotropical Habenaria clade. All taxa are considered threatened because of their small numbers of populations with few individuals and/or restricted distributions. Detailed descriptions, photographs, illustrations, notes, and a key to the species are presented.

Subtribo Oncidiinae Benth. (Orchidaceae Juss.) no Distrito Federal, Brasil

Oncidiinae is the second largest subtribe of the orchids in the Americas. According to the Brazilian database Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil, the representativity of the subtribe in Distrito Federal is of 15 genera and 19 species. The objective of this study was to develop a taxonomic treatment of the subtribe for the Flora of Distrito Federal, Brazil. Field trips, consultations to the herbaria BHCB, CEN, HEPH, IBGE, and UB and morphological analysis of all the material were made. A new occurrence of species and genus, Trichopilia brasiliensis Cong., was registered to Distrito Federal After this study, the taxa list for Oncidiinae of Distrito Federal should be corrected to 15 genera and 18 species. Descriptions, identification keys, and illustrations for taxa were prepared. We concluded that some species of Oncidiinae occurring in Distrito Federal have wide distribution while others are locally rare and require intense effort of collection for registration.