Francisco Luciano Pontes Júnior

Effects of water-based exercise in obese older women: impact of short-term follow-up study on anthropometric, functional fitness and quality of life parameters.

Aim:  In this study, the effects of a short‐term follow‐up intervention by water‐based exercise (WE) on indicators of obesity in frail obese older women were investigated.

Influência do treinamento aeróbio nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos da hipertensão arterial sistêmica

Aerobic exercise has both acute and chronic effects on blood pressure reduction. Post-exercise hypotension results from persistent reductions in peripheral vascular resistance, mediated by the autonomic nervous system and vasodilator substances. Exercise training lowers blood pressure through a decrease in total peripheral resistance and cardiac output at rest, as a result of reductions in sympathetic neural activity and increases in baroreflex sensitivity. Additionally, exercise may reduce the levels of serum catecholamines, affects the functional activity of the vascular endothelium, improves the metabolic profile and is an important contributor to weight loss. An exercise training program with 30-60 minutes, 3-5 sessions per week at moderate intensity reduces the blood pressure in most individuals. KEY-WORDS: aerobic exercise; blood pressure; hypertension; post-exercise hypotension.El presente articulo tiene la intencion de, a traves de una revision de la literatura, verificar los efectos del ejercicio fisico aerobico a la fisiopatologia de la hipertension arterial sistemica. La hipotension pos ejercicio (HPE) es el resultado de una reduccion persistente de la resistencia vascular periferica (RVP), mediada por el sistema nervioso autonomo y sustancias vasodilatadoras. La disminucion de la tension arterial se produce con el entrenamiento cronico por la reducion de la RVP y el gasto cardiaco en reposo, mediante la reduccion de la actividad nerviosa simpatica y aumento de la sensibilidad barorrefleja. Por otra parte, el ejercicio cronico puede disminuir la concentracion de catecolaminas, mejorar el perfil metabolico, afectar a la actividad funcional del endotelio vascular y promover cambios positivos en la composicion corporal. Asi, se recomienda la inclusion del ejercicio aerobico como una estrategia para el tratamiento no medicamentoso de la hipertension, no solo por el efecto beneficioso sobre la tension arterial como tambien para reducir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Functional Fitness and Self-Reported Quality of Life of Older Women Diagnosed with Knee Osteoarthrosis: A Cross-Sectional Case Control Study

Aim. Utilizing a cross-sectional case control design, the aim of this study was to evaluate the functional fitness and self-reported quality of life differences in older people diagnosed with knee osteoarthrosis (O) who participated in health promotion groups. Methods. Ninety older women were distributed into two groups: control without O of the knee (C, n = 40) and a group diagnosed with primary and secondary knee O with grade II or higher, with definite osteophytes (OA, n = 50). Functional fitness was evaluated by specific tests, and the time spent in physical activity and quality of life was evaluated by the IPAQ and WHOQOL (distributed in four domains: physical: P, psychological: PS, social: S, and environmental: E) domain questionnaires. Results. No differences were found between ages of groups (C: 66 ± 7; OA: 67 ± 9; years). The values of the chair stand test (rep) in the OA (13 ± 5) group were different when compared to C group (22 ± 5). For the 6-minute walk test (meters), the values obtained for the C (635 ± 142) were higher (P < 0.01) than the OA (297 ± 143) group. The time spent in physical activity (min) was greater (P < 0.001) in the control (220 ± 12) group compared to OA (100 ± 10) group. Higher values (P < 0.001) in all domains were found in the C (P: 69 ± 16, PS: 72 ± 17, S: 67 ± 15, E: 70 ± 15) group compared to OA (P: 48 ± 7, PS: 43 ± 8, S: 53 ± 13, E: 47 ± 14) group. Conclusion. Our data suggests that knee O, in older women, can promote a decline in time spent performing physical activity and functional fitness with decline in quality of life with an increase in sitting time.

Influence of aerobic exercise on physiopathological mechanisms of systemic hypertension

Aerobic exercise has both acute and chronic effects on blood pressure reduction. Post-exercise hypotension results from persistent reductions in peripheral vascular resistance, mediated by the autonomic nervous system and vasodilator substances. Exercise training lowers blood pressure through a decrease in total peripheral resistance and cardiac output at rest, as a result of reductions in sympathetic neural activity and increases in baroreflex sensitivity. Additionally, exercise may reduce the levels of serum catecholamines, affects the functional activity of the vascular endothelium, improves the metabolic profile and is an important contributor to weight loss. An exercise training program with 30-60 minutes, 3-5 sessions per week at moderate intensity reduces the blood pressure in most individuals. KEY-WORDS: aerobic exercise; blood pressure; hypertension; post-exercise hypotension.El presente articulo tiene la intencion de, a traves de una revision de la literatura, verificar los efectos del ejercicio fisico aerobico a la fisiopatologia de la hipertension arterial sistemica. La hipotension pos ejercicio (HPE) es el resultado de una reduccion persistente de la resistencia vascular periferica (RVP), mediada por el sistema nervioso autonomo y sustancias vasodilatadoras. La disminucion de la tension arterial se produce con el entrenamiento cronico por la reducion de la RVP y el gasto cardiaco en reposo, mediante la reduccion de la actividad nerviosa simpatica y aumento de la sensibilidad barorrefleja. Por otra parte, el ejercicio cronico puede disminuir la concentracion de catecolaminas, mejorar el perfil metabolico, afectar a la actividad funcional del endotelio vascular y promover cambios positivos en la composicion corporal. Asi, se recomienda la inclusion del ejercicio aerobico como una estrategia para el tratamiento no medicamentoso de la hipertension, no solo por el efecto beneficioso sobre la tension arterial como tambien para reducir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Influencia del entreinamento aeróbico em los mecanismos fisiopatologia de la hipertensíon

Aerobic exercise has both acute and chronic effects on blood pressure reduction. Post-exercise hypotension results from persistent reductions in peripheral vascular resistance, mediated by the autonomic nervous system and vasodilator substances. Exercise training lowers blood pressure through a decrease in total peripheral resistance and cardiac output at rest, as a result of reductions in sympathetic neural activity and increases in baroreflex sensitivity. Additionally, exercise may reduce the levels of serum catecholamines, affects the functional activity of the vascular endothelium, improves the metabolic profile and is an important contributor to weight loss. An exercise training program with 30-60 minutes, 3-5 sessions per week at moderate intensity reduces the blood pressure in most individuals. KEY-WORDS: aerobic exercise; blood pressure; hypertension; post-exercise hypotension.El presente articulo tiene la intencion de, a traves de una revision de la literatura, verificar los efectos del ejercicio fisico aerobico a la fisiopatologia de la hipertension arterial sistemica. La hipotension pos ejercicio (HPE) es el resultado de una reduccion persistente de la resistencia vascular periferica (RVP), mediada por el sistema nervioso autonomo y sustancias vasodilatadoras. La disminucion de la tension arterial se produce con el entrenamiento cronico por la reducion de la RVP y el gasto cardiaco en reposo, mediante la reduccion de la actividad nerviosa simpatica y aumento de la sensibilidad barorrefleja. Por otra parte, el ejercicio cronico puede disminuir la concentracion de catecolaminas, mejorar el perfil metabolico, afectar a la actividad funcional del endotelio vascular y promover cambios positivos en la composicion corporal. Asi, se recomienda la inclusion del ejercicio aerobico como una estrategia para el tratamiento no medicamentoso de la hipertension, no solo por el efecto beneficioso sobre la tension arterial como tambien para reducir los factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Hipotensão pós-exercício: mecanismos e infl uências do exercício físico

Imediatamente apos um periodo de exercicio fisico dinâmico, a pressao arterial diminui para niveis inferiores aos observados pre-exercicio. Foi observado em individuos hipertensos, resposta de hipotensao pos-exercicio de 11 mmHg e 4 mmHg para as pressoes arteriais sistolica e diastolica, respectivamente , mas nao verifi caram reducoes signifi cantes nos individuos normotensos. Com relacao ao efeito da intensidade do exercicio foi verifi cado em hipertensos idosos, que o exercicio fisico mais intenso (70% do consumo pico de oxigenio) provocava diminuicao da pressao arterial maior que uma sessao menos intensa (40% do consumo pico de oxigenio). As respostas de pressao arterial, frequencia cardiaca e resistencia vascular periferica pos-exercicio nao apresentam sempre um padrao coerente ao esperado pelo controle barorrefl exo. Dessa forma, torna-se importante verifi car o efeito do exercicio fisico no controle barorrefl exo cardiopulmonar. Foi observado que apos uma sessao aguda de exercicio fisico, ocorre diminuicao da atividade nervosa simpatica muscular com diminuicao concomitante da resistencia vascular periferica. Isto indica alteracao no controle barorrefl exo arterial, pois o fl uxo simpatico esta diminuido para um nivel de pressao arterial identico. Portanto, estas modifi cacoes na sensibilidade dos barorreceptores arteriais estao relacionados a mecanismos neurais e vasculares. Com isso, pode-se notar que a hipotensao pos-exercicio pode ser infl uenciada por diversos mecanismos, sendo que os mesmos ainda necessitam de maiores investigacoes, por isso o intuito da realizacao dessa revisao. Palavras chaves: exercicio fisico, pressao arterial, barorreflexo arterial, receptores cardiopulmonares.