Francisco Martins da Silva

Redução da pressão arterial e do duplo produto de repouso após treinamento resistido em idosas hipertensas

BACKGROUND: Due to the existing controversies in literature about the potential benefits of resistance exercise training (RT) on arterial blood pressure (BP) at rest, and the lack of studies conducted with elderly hypertensive individuals, RT is seldom recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of progressive RT on BP, HR, and RPP in elderly women with controlled hypertension. METHODS: 20 elderly women (66.8 ± 5.6 years of age), with a sedentary lifestyle, monitored with anti-hypertensive medication, participated in a 12-week RT program (resistance training group - RTG). Twenty-six elderly women (65.3 ± 3.4 years of age) with controlled hypertension did not engage in physical exercise during the study period, and composed the control group. RESULTS: After RT, there was a significant reduction in SBP, MBP, and DP values at rest. No significant drops in DBP and HR values at rest were observed after RT in both groups. The reduction in the RTG was 10.5 mmHg, 6.2 mmHg, and 2218.6 mmHg x bpm for SBP, MBP, and RPP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Progressive RT reduced SBP, MBP, and RPP values at rest of hypertensive elderly women who were on anti-hypertensive treatment.

Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on blood pressure in elderly women and the possible influence of ACE I/D polymorphism.

This study investigated the chronic effect of blood pressure (BP) and post-exercise hypotension (PEH) during resistance training (RT) and its relation with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in hypertensive elderly women. Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) with exercise and a control group (CG) without exercise. The EG performed one adaptation month and one repetition maximum load (1RM) test at the end of this period. After the first month, the EG conducted a three-month program of RT at 60%, 70%, and 80% of 1RM, respectively, for each month. The CG was evaluated at the end of each month. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (Microlife BP 3AC1-1) were measured, with the subject in a seated position, during an acute session for both GE and CG as follows: every 5 minutes for 20 minutes at pre-exercise rest, immediately after the resistance exercise and control, and every 15 minutes during 1 hour of recovery after exercise and CG. Analysis of covariance showed reduction in SBP and DBP (P ≤ 0.05) rest values after the RT program. PEH was observed only for the EG in acute sessions, for SBP after the second and third months (P ≤ 0.05), and for DBP after the second and fourth months (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences in main effects and interaction effects between blood pressure and ACE I/D were observed. The occurrence of chronic reduction of blood pressure and PEH through EG may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system with no ACE I/D polymorphism influence for this population.

Exercise lowers blood pressure in university professors during subsequent teaching and sleeping hours

Background University professors are subjected to psychological stress that contributes to blood pressure (BP) reactivity and development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on BP in university professors during teaching and sleeping hours. Methods Twelve normotensive professors (42.2 ± 10.8 years, 74.2 ± 11.2 kg, 172.8 ± 10.4 cm, 20.1% ± 6.7% body fat) randomly underwent control (CONT) and exercise (EX30) sessions before initiating their daily activities. EX30 consisted of 30 minutes of cycling at 80%–85% of heart rate reserve. Ambulatory BP was monitored for 24 hours following both sessions. Results BP increased in comparison with pre-session resting values during teaching after CONT (P < 0.05) but not after EX30. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP showed a more pronounced nocturnal dip following EX30 (approximately –14.7, –12.7, and –9.6 mmHg, respectively) when compared with CONT (approximately –6, –5 and –3 mmHg). Conclusion Exercise induced a BP reduction in university professors, with the main effects being observed during subsequent teaching and sleeping hours.

Comportamentos sedentários associados ao excesso de peso corporal

Este estudo objetivou identificar possiveis relacoes entre comportamentos sedentarios e o excesso de peso corporal. Participaram do estudo 1570 escolares da cidade de Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil, com idades de sete a 12 anos. Os estudantes responderam a tres questoes objetivas sobre a atividade fisica mais praticada fora da escola (assistir TV, tarefas domesticas, brincar ou praticar esportes), o meio de transporte normalmente utilizado (carro/moto/onibus = passivo e a pe/bicicleta = ativo) e o tempo gasto de casa ate a escola. O excesso de peso foi classificado a partir de criterios propostos pela International Obesity Task Force. Para analise estatistica, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e a regressao logistica multivariada. A chance de apresentar excesso de peso foi de 81% (IC 95% = 1,23-2,65) maior entre os meninos que assistiram TV, em comparacao aos que realizaram outras atividades; e tres vezes maior (IC 95% = 1,92-5,38) para os escolares que se deslocavam passivamente a escola, em relacao aos que seguiam a pe/bicicleta. Nas meninas, a chance de excesso de peso foi 2,27 vezes maior (IC 95% = 1,39-3,71) entre as que se deslocavam a escola de forma passiva, quando comparadas as que se deslocavam ativamente. Conclui-se que, assistir TV na maior parte do tempo livre para os meninos e utilizar deslocamentos passivos para ir a escola, para ambos os sexos, aumentou as chances dos estudantes terem excesso de peso corporal.

Fitness and metabolic syndrome in obese fatty liver children

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent among obese children with fatty liver. However, it is well-known that there is a lower prevalence of MS in individuals with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Aim: To analyse the association between CRF with features of the MS in obese children that present fat liver indicators, namely abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values. Methods: A total of 79 obese students (40 girls), 10–11 year-olds ( ± 0.60), with abnormal serum ALT from Porto public schools comprised the sample. Measurements included CRF (20-metre Shuttle Run Test), Metabolic Risk Factors (MRF), according to MS International Diabetes Federation criteria, ALT values (Cholestech LDX® analyser) and maturational stage (Tanner criteria). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of CRF on MRF adjusted for sex, maturation, and BMI. Results: The logistic regression showed that, despite being classified as being obese and presenting abnormal levels of ALT, those classified as fit were less likely to have MS than their unfit counterparts (OR = 0.52; p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Obese-fit children with abnormal ALT values have a significant reduction in the likelihood to be classified as having MS, even after adjustments for gender, maturation and BMI, Thus, CRF might be an important factor for tackling fatty liver among obese.

Respostas hormonais agudas a diferentes intensidades de exercícios resistidos em mulheres idosas

Resistance training has been pointed as an effective intervention to minimize muscle mass and strength decline observed with advancing age, however, its acute hormonal responses need to be better characterized. The purposes of the present study were characterize and compare the acute hormonal responses to different resistance exercises intensities performed by older women. Sample was composed by 15 women with a mean age of 67,5 years, who performed, in a randomized order, three visits at the laboratory: 1) resistance exercises performed at 50% of 1-RM (G50); 2) resistance exercises performed at 80% of 1-RM (G80) and 3) control session (GC). Blood samples were taken immediately before and after (T0 and T1, respectively) each session, as well as three and 48 hour after (T2 and T3, respectively), for subsequent hormonal analyses by the enzyme immunoassay chemiluminescent method. ANOVA and ANCOVA were used, respectively, to examine intra and inter sessions differences. No significant differences were observed between sessions for any of the evaluated hormone. In T2, cortisol concentrations were significantly reduced when compared to T0 for the three examined sessions, while testosterone was reduced after (T2) GC. Only G80 elicited a significant transient elevation in testosterone/cortisol ratio and none of the sessions provoked alterations on serum GH concentrations. Its concluded that resistance exercises performed at 50% or 80% of 1-RM do not acutely induce significant elevation of cortisol, testosterone or GH in the studied population. On the other hand, the session performed at 80% of 1-RM promoted significant elevations on the testosterone/cortisol ratio three hours post exercises when compared to basal values, in older women.

MMP-9 Levels and IMT of Carotid Arteries are Elevated in Obese Children and Adolescents Compared to Non-Obese

Background Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Increased intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery is linked to the initiation and progression of the chronic inflammatory processes implicated in cardiovascular disease. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and, consequently, in the development, morphogenesis, repair and remodeling of connective tissues. Objectives (i) to determine and compare the concentrations of MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase -1 (TIMP-1), and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in obese and non-obese children and adolescents; (ii) to investigate the association of these markers with common and internal IMT of carotid arteries. Methods Cross-sectional study involving 32 obese and 32 non-obese (control) individuals between 8 - 18 years of age. Results Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of MMP-9 concentration, as well as a higher MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were detected in the obese group compared to control counterparts. Common and internal carotid IMT values were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the obese group compared to the control group. Positive correlations were observed between the common carotid IMT values and MMP-9 concentrations as well as MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that obese children and adolescents present higher mean IMT values, plasma MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio compared to the non-obese. Thus, these findings indicate that this group presents a risk profile for early atherosclerosis.

Excesso de peso, nível de atividade física e hábitos alimentares em escolares da cidade de Anápolis-GO

This study aimed to identify excess of weight, level of physical activity and eating habits among students aged between 7 and 9 years. The study was of epidemiological character, cross-sectional, involving 1982 children. Results showed that overweight was lower among students of public schools. Regarding the level of physical activity, it was found that the majority of students were considered sedentary or irregularly active, and that public school students are more active. It was concluded that the students adopt levels of physical activity and eating habits far below of what guidelines suggest by the scientific literature.

Childhood Obesity, MMP-9 Levels, and Vitamin D

3. Cerit Z. Prediction of childhood obesity with or without vitamin D deficiency. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176(4):557. doi: 10.1007/s00431-017-2860-9. 4. Coussens A, Timms PM, Boucher BJ, Venton TR, Ashcroft AT, Skolimowska KH, et al. A1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits matrix metalloproteinases induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunology. 2009;127:539-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03024..

Overweight, level of physical activity and food habits at school in the city of Anápolis-GO

This study aimed to identify excess of weight, level of physical activity and eating habits among students aged between 7 and 9 years. The study was of epidemiological character, cross-sectional, involving 1982 children. Results showed that overweight was lower among students of public schools. Regarding the level of physical activity, it was found that the majority of students were considered sedentary or irregularly active, and that public school students are more active. It was concluded that the students adopt levels of physical activity and eating habits far below of what guidelines suggest by the scientific literature.