Márcio Rabelo Mota

Redução da pressão arterial e do duplo produto de repouso após treinamento resistido em idosas hipertensas

BACKGROUND: Due to the existing controversies in literature about the potential benefits of resistance exercise training (RT) on arterial blood pressure (BP) at rest, and the lack of studies conducted with elderly hypertensive individuals, RT is seldom recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of progressive RT on BP, HR, and RPP in elderly women with controlled hypertension. METHODS: 20 elderly women (66.8 ± 5.6 years of age), with a sedentary lifestyle, monitored with anti-hypertensive medication, participated in a 12-week RT program (resistance training group - RTG). Twenty-six elderly women (65.3 ± 3.4 years of age) with controlled hypertension did not engage in physical exercise during the study period, and composed the control group. RESULTS: After RT, there was a significant reduction in SBP, MBP, and DP values at rest. No significant drops in DBP and HR values at rest were observed after RT in both groups. The reduction in the RTG was 10.5 mmHg, 6.2 mmHg, and 2218.6 mmHg x bpm for SBP, MBP, and RPP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Progressive RT reduced SBP, MBP, and RPP values at rest of hypertensive elderly women who were on anti-hypertensive treatment.

Maximal lactate steady-state prediction through quadratic modeling of selected stages of the lactate minimum test.

Pardono, E, da Costa Sotero, R, Hitane, W, Mota, MR, Campbell, CSG, Nakamura, FY, and Simões, HG. Maximal lactate steady-state prediction through quadratic modeling of selected stages of the lactate minimum test. J Strength Cond Res 22: 1073-1080, 2008-In this study, we compared the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) with lactate minimal (LM) intensities determined visually and through a quadratic polynomial function of selected stages of LM test. Eleven male recreational cyclists (27.7 ± 4.5 years, 175.7 ± 5.6 cm, 69.5 ± 10.8 kg, and 12.0 ± 5.5% body fat) performed one LM test under previous induction of hyperlactaemia with an initial intensity of 75 W with 30-W increments every 3 minutes with blood lactate concentration (HLa) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) measurements. The LM intensity was determined visually (VLM) and by modeling the lactate response through polynomial function by using: 1) all stages (LMP); 2) the first stage, the stage corresponding to RPE-13 and the last stage/exhaustion (LMP3max); 3) the three lowest lactate concentration stages (LMP3adj); and 4) the initial, RPE-13, and RPE-16 stages (LMP3sub). The MLSS was determined as the highest intensity at a variation not greater than 0.05 mmol·l-1·min-1 of HLa during the last 20 minutes of a 30-minute exercise session. The MLSS (204.0 ± 16.0 W), VLM (198.6 ± 15.2 W), LMP3adj (190.4 ± 12.9 W), and LMP3sub (192.1 ± 27.2 W) were not different, well correlated, and in agreement to each other. In conclusion, the polynomial modeling of HLa response to three submaximal stages produced exercise intensities that did not differ from MLSS.

Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on blood pressure in elderly women and the possible influence of ACE I/D polymorphism.

This study investigated the chronic effect of blood pressure (BP) and post-exercise hypotension (PEH) during resistance training (RT) and its relation with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in hypertensive elderly women. Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) with exercise and a control group (CG) without exercise. The EG performed one adaptation month and one repetition maximum load (1RM) test at the end of this period. After the first month, the EG conducted a three-month program of RT at 60%, 70%, and 80% of 1RM, respectively, for each month. The CG was evaluated at the end of each month. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (Microlife BP 3AC1-1) were measured, with the subject in a seated position, during an acute session for both GE and CG as follows: every 5 minutes for 20 minutes at pre-exercise rest, immediately after the resistance exercise and control, and every 15 minutes during 1 hour of recovery after exercise and CG. Analysis of covariance showed reduction in SBP and DBP (P ≤ 0.05) rest values after the RT program. PEH was observed only for the EG in acute sessions, for SBP after the second and third months (P ≤ 0.05), and for DBP after the second and fourth months (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences in main effects and interaction effects between blood pressure and ACE I/D were observed. The occurrence of chronic reduction of blood pressure and PEH through EG may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system with no ACE I/D polymorphism influence for this population.

Post-exercise hypotension of normotensive young men through track running sessions

INTRODUCCION: Despues de una unica sesion de ejercicio fisico la presion arterial es reducida (HPE) y esta reduccion es considerada como un mecanismo no farmacologico para controlar la presion arterial y, cuando realizado desde la juventud, puede prevenir o evitar la aparicion de la hipertension arterial. Sin embargo, es importante considerar la realizacion de estudios con aplicaciones practicas claras para optimizar su reproducibilidad durante el dia a dia. OBJETIVO: Analizar la HPE en individuos jovenes, normotensos y fisicamente activos despues de dos sesiones de carrera en pista (maxima y submaxima). METODOS: Participaron en este estudio 62 hombres fisicamente activos (23,3±4,2 anos, 75,5±9,8 kg, 177,7±5,5 cm, 12,0±4,6% de grasa corporal, 52,4±4,0mL.kg-1.min-1), los que fueron sometidos a un test de ejercicios de laboratorio para determinacion del control maximo de oxigeno. (VO2max - potencia aerobica) y subsiguientemente tres sesiones randomizadas de HPE (maxima - T1600; submaxima - T20; control - CON), con 48 horas de intervalo entre ellas. La presion arterial fue medida a cada 15 minutos durante un periodo de 60 minutos despues de las sesiones. RESULTADOS: Ambos ejercicios (maximo e submaximo) proporcionaron HPE. Los valores post-ejercicio de la presion arterial sistolica y diastolica difirieron de los valores de reposo en la sesion T20 (p<0,05). El mismo patron ocurrio despues del T1600 (p<0,05), evidenciado en el 30o minuto posterior al ejercicio. La sesion CON no resulto en HEP. La magnitud de decaimiento para la presion arterial promedio en el 45o minuto posterior al ejercicio maximo fue mayor que en las demas sesiones (p<0,05). CONCLUSION: Concluimos que ambas sesiones de carrera en pista, maxima y submaxima, proporcionaron HPE en hombres normotensos y fisicamente activos.

Acute metabolic response to fasted and postprandial exercise

The aim of this study was to analyze the acute metabolic response to exercise in fasting and postprandial. For this, ten individuals were submitted to an incremental treadmill test, with an initial speed of 5 and 1 km/h increments every minute, with no inclination, and a body composition assessment. After this 1st day, all volunteers were submitted to two experimental procedures (fasting and postprandial), with an aerobic exercise performed for 36 minutes at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption. At postprandial procedure, all subjects ingested a breakfast containing 59.3 g of carbohydrate (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%), with a total energy intake of 349.17 kcal. An analysis of plasma concentration of triglycerides, lactate, and glucose was performed in two stages: before and after exercise. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to verify the normality of the data. For analysis of glucose concentration, plasma lactate, and triglycerides, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance factorial 2×2, with Bonferroni multiple comparison test. The significance level of P<0.05 was adopted. The results indicated a maintenance level of glucose at fasting and a decrease in glucose concentration at postprandial exercise. Both conditions increase plasma lactate. Triglycerides also increased in the two experimental conditions; however, after exercise fasting, the increase was significantly higher than in the postprandial exercise. These data suggest that both exercises could increase plasma lactate and triglycerides. However, exercise performed in fasting condition decreases glucose concentration and increases triglycerides, even more than postprandial exercise.

Effect of self-paced active recovery and passive recovery on blood lactate removal following a 200 m freestyle swimming trial

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-paced active recovery (AR) and passive recovery (PR) on blood lactate removal following a 200 m freestyle swimming trial. Patients and methods Fourteen young swimmers (with a training frequency of 6–8 sessions per week) performed two maximal 200 m freestyle trials followed by 15 minutes of different recovery methods, on separate days. Recovery was performed with 15 minutes of passive rest or 5 minutes of passive rest and 10 minutes of self-paced AR. Performance variables (trial velocity and time), recovery variables (distance covered and AR velocity), and physiological variables (blood lactate production, blood lactate removal, and removal velocity) were assessed and compared. Results There was no difference between trial times in both conditions (PR: 125.86±7.92 s; AR: 125.71±8.21 s; p=0.752). AR velocity was 69.10±3.02% of 200 m freestyle trial velocity in AR. Blood lactate production was not different between conditions (PR: 8.82±2.47 mmol L−1; AR: 7.85±2.05 mmol L−1; p=0.069). However, blood lactate removal was higher in AR (PR: 1.76±1.70 mmol L−1; AR: 4.30±1.74 mmol L−1; p<0.001). The velocity of blood lactate removal was significantly higher in AR (PR: 0.18±0.17 mmol L−1 min−1; AR: 0.43±0.17 mmol L−1 min−1; p<0.001). Conclusion Self-paced AR shows a higher velocity of blood lactate removal than PR. These data suggest that athletes may be able to choose the best recovery intensity themselves.

Psychological profiles of gender and personality traces of Brazilian professional athletes of futsal, and their influence on physiological parameters.

The present study aimed to identify the psychological profiles of professional futsal players in terms of the gender schema and to evaluate the physiological parameters (speed, acceleration, strength, and power) and fatigue index of these athletes according to their gender profiles and relative to their positions on the court. The Masculine Inventory of the Self-concept Gender Schemas was used to classify the sample into typological groups, and the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test was used to measure the physiological parameters (speed, acceleration, strength, and power) and the fatigue index. The study sample was composed of 64 male professional futsal players who competed in the National Indoor Soccer league in 2013; the subjects had an average weight of 76.00±6.7 kg. Among the athletes studied, 23 (35.9%) were classified as heteroschematic female, 22 (34.4%) as heteroschematic male, and 19 (29.7%) as isoschematic. Regarding their positions on the court, eleven were goalkeepers (17.2%), 13 (20.3%) were defenders, 28 (43.8%) were midfielders, and 12 (18.8%) were attackers. The players had similar weights even when belonging to different typological groups and having different positions in the court. However, it is worth noting that male heteroschematic players had a greater mean weight (77.11±5.93 kg) and that the goalkeeper was, on average, the heaviest player (79.36±8.14 kg). The results of the physiological parameter analysis relative to typological group showed that, on average, high-level soccer players presented similar performance profiles in different rounds, as statistically significant differences were not found in any of the studied physiological variables (weight, distance, speed, acceleration, strength, power, and fatigue index). Although the results of this research did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the assessed variables, we observed that some results related to personality traits associated with both the male and female components could help to clarify and establish relationships with some strategic aspects inherent to futsal.

Diacutaneous fibrolysis versus passive stretching after articular immobilisation : muscle recovery and extracellular matrix remodelling

Introduction Atrophy and muscle shortening due to articular immobilisation are common problems in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Muscle stretching mechanical stimuli might be considered as the golden standard procedure to improve muscle flexibility in rehabilitation. Muscle stretching generates mechanotransduction, potentiating specific gene expression and promotes sarcomerogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling on shortened and atrophied muscles. Hypothesis Diacutaneous fibrolysis, like stretching, uses an external force to stress connective and muscle tissues mechanically to treat muscle shortening; thus, it is widely used in clinical practice even if there is no evidence to support it. Considering this subject, we have hypothesised that diacutaneous fibrolysis can generate mechanotransduction, affecting muscle hypertrophy and extracellular matrix remodelling after immobilisation. Evaluation of hypothesis We have designed a laboratory experimental study with a sample of 50 rats. The sample was randomly divided into five groups: Control group (n = 10) with non–immobilised rats; 3–week immobilisation group (n = 10); 3–week immobilisation/3–week non–immobilisation group (n = 10);3–week immobilisation/3–week stretching group (n = 10); and 3–week immobilisation/3–week diacutaneous fibrolysis group (n = 10). All rats had their left tibiotarsal joint immobilised in maximum plantar flexion with the orthotics for 3 consecutive weeks. After the immobilisation period, the intervention groups received their respective intervention on their left triceps suralis for 3 weeks. Dependent variables of the study were sarcomere analysis, polymerase chain reaction, connective tissue density, collagen birefringence and matrix metalloproteinases. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc test was applied for differences between groups. For all calculations, a 5% (p < 0.05) significance level was established. Conclusion If the hypothesis is confirmed, the present study might provide evidence to support the use of this physical therapy resource widely used to treat muscle dysfunctions.

Effect of strength training combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscular performance

This was a placebo-controlled randomized study that aimed to investigate the effects of strength training (ST) combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and thickness. Forty-two women (age, 23.8 ± 2.7 years; body mass, 58.7 ± 11.0 kg; height, 1.63 ± 0.1 m) were allocated into 3 groups: vitamins (n = 15), placebo (n = 12), or control (n = 15). The vitamins and placebo groups underwent an ST program, twice a week, for 10 weeks. The vitamins group was supplemented with vitamins C (1 g/day) and E (400 IU/day) during the ST period. Before and after training, peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer, and quadriceps muscle thickness (MT) was assessed by ultrasound. Mixed-factor ANOVA was used to analyze data and showed a significant group × time interaction for PT and TW. Both the vitamins (37.2 ± 5.4 to 40.3 ± 5.6 mm) and placebo (39.7 ± 5.2 to 42.5 ± 5.6 mm) groups increased MT after the intervention (P < 0.05) with no difference between them. The vitamins (146.0 ± 29.1 to 170.1 ± 30.3 N·m) and placebo (158.9 ± 22.4 to 182.7 ± 23.2 N·m) groups increased PT after training (P < 0.05) and PT was higher in the placebo compared with the control group (P = 0.01). The vitamins (2068.3 ± 401.2 to 2295.5 ± 426.8 J) and placebo (2165.1 ± 369.5 to 2480.8 ± 241.3 J) groups increased TW after training (P < 0.05) and TW was higher in the placebo compared with the control group (P = 0.01). Thus, chronic antioxidant supplementation may attenuate peak torque and total work improvement in young women after 10 weeks of ST.

Respostas da pressão arterial de futebolistas adolescentes ao exercício em escada coordenativa

O futebol figura entre as modalidades mais praticadas do mundo. As sindromes metabolicas, atualmente figuram em um tema de grande relevância no contexto do futebol, quando relacionadas aos problemas cardiovasculares. No futebol as capacidades fisicas sao importantes para suprir as necessidades do atleta. Foram analisadas as respostas da pressao arterial pre e imediatamente apos exercicio moderado e intenso em futebolistas adolescentes. O estudo foi realizado com 10 futebolistas (n=10) do genero masculino de 14 a 16 anos, realizado em 02 dias distintos e intervalo de descanso de 24 horas. Exercicios de aquecimento duraram de 10 minutos de forma aguda moderada e 05 minutos aguda intensa, avaliados dois a dois. Exercicios realizados na escada coordenativa. Os dados evidenciaram que houve alteracao significativa na Pressao Arterial Sistolica (PAS) entre o pre e imediatamente apos exercicio. Os exercicios mostraram-se como boas opcoes de aquecimento na preparacao fisica do futebol juvenil.