François-X. Garneau

Geranial and neral, major constituents of Lippia multiflora Moldenke leaf oil.

ABSTRACT The leaf oils of samples of Lippia multiflora Moldenke collected from different geographic areas of Togo and from cultivated plants were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Three types of essential oils were characterized, one which is rich in neral and geranial, (23–89%) and two other types, poor in neral and geranial, containing either 1,8-cineole (16–63%) or thymol (15–40%) and p-cymene (15–20%) as the major components. The oils obtained exhibited insecticidal activity against the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. in a dose-dependent manner.

Leaf Oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia from Benin

ABSTRACT The essential oils obtained from the leaves of Melaleuca quinquenervia from Benin were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Three chemovarieties were identified; one with a high content of 1,8-cineole (48%) and a smaller amount of viridiflorol (17%), another with about equal amounts of the same two compounds and a third variety rich in viridiflorol (48%) with 1,8-cineole (12%) as the second most important constituent.

The essential oil and glycosidically bound volatile compounds of Taxus canadensis Marsh

ABSTRACT The essential oil of the conifer Taxus canadensis, also called the Canadian yew, from the region of Saguenay—Lac-St.-Jean, Quebec, was analyzed using both GC/MS and retention indices. We identified eighteen compounds in the oil including the aliphatic alcohol, l-octen-3-ol as the major component (40%). The glycoside composition was also examined, we identified sixteen aglycones including the two major components, l-octen-3-ol (30%) and 3, 5-dimethoxyphenol (40%). The yield in glycosidically bound volatile compounds (0.09%) is three times more than the yield in essential oil (0.03%), which, in turn, is much less than the yield frequently observed in other conifers (0.5–1.0%).

Essential Oils from Bolivia. VII. Myrtaceae: Myrcianthes osteomeloides (Rusby) McVaugh and Myrcianthes pseudomato (Legrand) McVaugh

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils of Myrcianthes osteomeloides and M. pseudomato was studied by GC and GC/MS. Myrcianthes osteomeloides oil contained 1,8-cineole (55.7%) as the major component followed by α-pinene (17.9%), α-terpineol (8.5%) and β-pinene (4.6%). We identified 1,8-cineole (24.4%), α-pinene (17.1%), linalool (11.7%), limonene (8.5%) and γ-terpinene (7.3%) as main constituents in M. pseudomato oil.

(E)-Anethole as a Major Essential Oil Constituent of Clausena anisata

ABSTRACT In the course of our comprehensive investigation of the oils of the leaves of Clausena anisata from three West African countries, we have observed that, on the basis of its oil constituents, C. anisata can be classified into three major chemovarieties. Two of these chemovarieties have been observed in collections in Ghana, Togo and Benin. One contains mainly methyl chavicol (80–100%), and between one and ten other constituents, while the other contains a large number of constituents (up to 50), varying in concentration from 0.2% to about 20%. These include limonene, β-phellandrene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene and germacrene D. However, there is a third collection in Ghana, positively identified as C. anisata, which yields between 85–100% of(E)-anethole as its major essential oil constituent. The chemovariation does not appear to be dependent on seasonal or geographical factors. The plants containing either methyl chavicol or (E)-anethole give very high yields of oil while those with several const...

Essential oil of Diplolophium africanum Turcz

ABSTRACT The leaf oil of Diplolophium africanum Turcz. from the Koumonde region of northern Togo was analyzed using both Kovats indices and GC/MS. We identified 24 compounds including α-pinene (38%) and β-pinene (20%) as the major components followed by p-mentha-1,3,8-triene (11%). Except for a substantial decrease in the amount of the latter compound in one sample, the composition of the oil varied only slightly with the collection period. The oil exhibits insecticidal activity against the bruchids Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic.

Essential oils from Bolivia. XIII. Myrtaceae: Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth.) O. Berg

The essential oils of two samples of Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth.) O. Berg growing wild in Bolivia were analyzed to determine their chemical composition. These samples were collected at different periods of the year and although the same products appear in the samples, the relative percentages show an important variation. Mono-oxygenated sesquiterpene molecules, among them ledol and (E)-nerolidol, are the main compounds observed in one sample. In another sample, about two-thirds of the observed compounds are monoterpenes, and more particularly β- and α-pinenes, 35% and 17%, respectively.

(E)- and (Z)-foeniculin, constituents of the leaf oil of a new chemovariety of Clausena anisata

Abstract The leaf oils of Clausena anisata Hook. f. collected from Pokuase, Ghana, were found to contain (E)-foeniculin as a major constituent (>78%) in 17 of 19 samples. (E)-anethole was the major constituent of the two other samples (57% and 67%) with (E)-foeniculin as the second most important compound (38% and 29%). The identity of the new natural product (Z)-foeniculin, present in small amounts (0.2-1.4%), was based on a comparison of retention indices and mass spectra with those of a synthesized sample whose spectroscopic data, reported here for the first time, are in agreement with the proposed structure. Two other minor constituents were identified as the rarely encountered natural products dictagymnin (1-20%) and 4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxybenzaldehyde (0-0.2%).

Essential Oil of Carissa edulis Vahl. from Benin

Abstract The root oil of Carissa edulis from Benin was analyzed by GC/MS and six components were identified. The main constituent was 2-acetylphenol (92.7%) with lesser amounts of limonene (1.2%), γ-eudesmol (1.2%), α-pinene (0.3%), sabinene (0.3%) and myrcene (0.8%).