Frank J. Costa

Urban planning in socialist China: Theory and practice

Abstract The Peoples Republic of China has a highly centralized planning system and claims some success in the elimination of slums and associated urban problems under conditions of fast urban growth. This article provides a broad view of urban planning in a socialist country. It attempts to delve into the ideological values of socialist urban planning through an examination of the principles, theories, institutions, characteristics, functions, and contents of socialist urban planning. It seeks to investigate the tangible effects of these planning doctrines and conventions by exploring urban planning and design practices in China. Finally it evaluates both successful and unsuccessful outcomes of Chinese urban planning practices.

The Asian city : processes of development, characteristics, and planning

Preface. Part I: Urbanization in an International Context. 1. An Introduction to the Asian City A.K. Dutt, F.J. Costa, A.G. Noble, S. Aggarwal. 2. Asian Urban Growth since 1950: Demographic Components, including Transnational Redistribution B.J.L. Berry, Hak-Min Kim. 3. City Forms of China and India in Global Perspective A.K. Dutt, Yichun Xie, F.J. Costa, Zhengmao Yang. Part II: Comparative Urban Setting. 4. The Distribution of City Sizes in Asian Countries P.P. Karan. 5. The Concept of Sacred Cities in Asia with Special Reference to India S.M. Bhardwaj. 6. A Comparative Study of Rank-Size Distributions in China and India A.K. Dutt, Yichun Xie, R.J. Das, A. Parai. 7. Spatial Pattern of Commercial Establishments in Two South Asian City Centers: Rajshahi and Madurai A.K. Dutt, A.G. Noble, Z. Hasan. Part III: Urbanization Characteristics by Countries. 8. Metropolization in Densely Populated Asia: the Case of Tokyo Y. Masai. 9. The Nature of Urbanization in South Korea Naghun Song, A.K. Dutt, F.J. Costa. 10. Indian Urbanization: Proliferation of Mega Cities and Urban Corridors B.K. Roy. 11. Urbanization in Southeast Asia A.K. Dutt, Naghun Song. 12. Small Town Growth and Development Policy in Pakistan A.H. Siddiqi. Part IV: Urban Planning. 13. Water Supply in Selected Mega Cities of Asia A. Parai, J.E. Benhart, W.C. Rense. 14. The Impact of the Growth of Township Enterprises on Rural--Urban Transformation in China, 1978--1990 S.L. Morgan. 15. New Small Towns of Israel: Successes and Failures E. Efrat. 16. Exporting Planning: the Work of Thomas Karsten in Colonial Indonesia J.L. Cobban. 17. Planning in a Rapid Growth Center: the Case of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia S. Al-Oteibi, A.G. Noble, F.J. Costa. Part V: The Urban Poor. 18. Children in the Urban Informal Sector: a Tragedy of the Developing Countries in Asia P. Nangia. 19. Poverty in the Metropolitan Cities of India V. Nath. 20. Spatial Spread of Daily Activity Patterns of Slum Dwellers in Calcutta and Delhi A.K. Dutt, S. Tripathi, A. Mukhopadhyay. 21. Bombay Urban Development Project: a Solution for the Shelter Problem of the Urban Poor? S. Banerjee-Guha. 22. Sidewalk Dwellers of Calcutta A. Mukhopadhyay, A.K. Dutt, A. Halder. Part VI: Perspectives on Urbanization. 23. Trends and Implications of Urbanization in India during the 20th Century A. Bose. 24. Perspectives on Asian Urbanization: an East--West Comparison A. Parai, A.K. Dutt.

Urbanization in Asia: spatial dimensions and policy issues.

This book is a product of the International Conference on Asian Urbanization held in Akron Ohio in April 1985. It contains 20 papers including an initial description of trends and prospects and a review of the literature. Country-specific reviews are then presented for India Pakistan China and Taiwan. The remaining papers are grouped under the general headings of regional and metropolitan effects of urbanization case studies in urban development and issues and policies for urban development. (ANNOTATION)

Urban planning in Rome from 1870 to the first world war

City plans are political documents and changes in the content of plans often reflect changes in the urban political environment. At the time of its annexation into a newly unified Italy in 1870, divergent views abouth the future development of Rome began to emerge. The politically dominant views were expressed in city development olans adopted in 1873 and 1883. These plans stressed eastward expansion and the opening up of the pre-1870 portion of the city with new wider streets. The plans, however, were circumvented by building speculators who developed in areas beyond their boundaries. By the turn of the 20th century a reaction to speculative growth emerged resulting in the adoption of the 1909 plan which stressed core area preservation and peripheral open space protection.

Perspectives on planning and urban development in Belgium

Preface. 1. An Introductory Framework for Planning in Belgium A.K. Dutt, F.J. Costa. 2. Changing Aspects of Belgian Public Planning L. Albrechts. 3. The Administrative Structure of Planning in Belgium P. Laconte. 4. Procedures for Planning in the Flemisch Region M. Boes. 5. The Geolinguistic Framework for Planning and Urban Development in Belgium A.B. Murphy. 6. Planning the Coastal Zone in Belgium G.J. Ashworth. 7. Reinventing Brussels: Urban Profiles of Ideology, Power and Politics A.G. Papadopoulos. 8. Antwerp: A Modern City with a Significant Historic Heritage K. Vroom. 9. Historic Preservation in Brugge: Continuous Planning in Operation B. Beernaert. 10. Spatial Planning in the Liege Region: 1948-1988 J.A. Sporck. 11. Louvain-la-Neuve: A Unique New Town A.K. Dutt. Conclusion.

An evaluation of national economic planning in the People's Republic of China

Abstract The Peoples Republic of China has sought, since its inception in 1949, to develop through economic planning at the national level rather than rely on traditional free market mechanisms. This paper examines the changing characteristics of this economic planning over time, including the shifting balance between centralizing and decentralizing policies. The disruptive effects of the “Great Leap Forward” and the Cultural Revolution are also discussed and the general features of the contemporary situation are examined.

The growth of metro systems in Madrid, Rome and Athens

Transit systems compared; upgrading and improvement of the metro systems; why the contrasts in metro development?

Hindu Temple Development in the United States: Planning and Zoning Issues

Hindu temple construction has become common in suburban areas of the United States, following a steady wave of immigration from India. Immigrants hope to pass along traditional beliefs and cultural practices to a generation rapidly approaching adulthood. Small but committed groups have raised millions of dollars to build over 200 temples in the 1980s and 1990s. Temple builders face the usual land use concerns of any rezoning request, such as providing parking or shielding neighbors from externalities such as light and noise. Some proposals have met resistance from the established community based on misunderstandings and fears about Hindu practices and beliefs. Such resistance has slowed but not stopped the diffusion of Hindu temples across the United States.

City Forms of China and India in Global Perspective

China and India are the globe’s two most heavily populated nations, accounting for almost half of the world’s population. Together they also possess a substantial number of the world’s million-plus cities: 25 in China1 and 23 in India (Dutt and Sen, 1992). The absolute number of urban population in both countries is extremely high, 262 million in China (the Statistical Bureau of China, 1988a) and 217 million in India (Dutt and Sen, 1992) However, their urbanization levels are comparatively low because of the very large total population, 1,118,162,727 (July, 1990) and 849,946,001 (July, 1990) respectively (Fact Book, 1992). Both nations have an ancient history of urban civilization. India and China, together with Egypt and Mesopotamia, are the cradles of the earliest cities (Kosambi, 1956 and Cheng, 1957). Urban places in both countries began to develop almost 5,000 years ago.

Urban development in Saudi Arabia: Building and subdivision codes

Abstract Saudi Arabia is experiencing an extremely rapid urbanization. Large numbers of people from rural and nomadic habitats, as well as foreign immigrants, are moving into the countrys urban areas. The rapid growth in population and urban land use has been greater than the nations capacity to plan and absorb population in a systematic manner. Policies to guide urban development which are environmentally compatible with the landscape and climate of Saudi Arabia must be created and adapted. These policies must also be consistent with the cultural orientation of the society. In this article a modern building and subdivision code is proposed which takes into consideration these environmental and cultural conditions.