Frank K. H. Kuske

Cryodynamics can solve the energy problem by stabilizing ITER: A prediction

An optimistic scenario is sketched which only at first sight appears unrealistic. The ingredients go back to the names of Zwicky and Chandrasekhar. Thermodynamics is not the only basis on which to build macroscopic machines. The recently described sister discipline of cryodynamics is characterized by a decrease in entropy and enables thereby, in conjunction with the entropy increase of thermodynamics, an eternally recycling cosmos. A first down-to-earth application is proposed that would be highly beneficial in stabilizing hot fusion. Skepticism and hope still are in balance but a new industrial age with unlimited energy is proposed to be dawning.

Cryodynamics—The New Second Thermodynamics–Demonstrated Numerically

A recent numerical simulation by Klaus Sonnleitner is drawn attention to. A 2‐particle Hamiltonian system—a heavy particle of higher energy and a light particle of lower energy interacting in a T‐tube configuration—shows “dissipative behavior”: the light particle statistically picks up kinetic energy from the heavy particle. This is in accord with the prediction made by statistical mechanics. However, if the repulsive 1/r potential is inverted (attractive), the light particle loses energy on average to the heavy particle: “antidissipative behavior”. In either case two classes of initial conditions exist: “uncommitted” ones and “committed” ones, the former showing the same qualitative behavior in both directions of time, the latter first retracing the previous behavior. The result is shocking: The familiar “dissipative time’s arrow” of statistical thermodynamics proves to be complemented by an “anti‐dissipative time’s arrow” in a new science called statistical cryodynamics. The numerically demonstrated sis...

Ab initio 3-21 G calculations of push-pull interactions of substituents at imino-nitrogen in formamidines. Non-equivalence of NO-bonds of the nitro-substituent

Full ab initio 3-21 G optimization of molecular structures of twelve planar formamidines substituted by X in Ε-configuration at imino nitrogen (N2) (X = H, CH3, NH2, C6H5, OH, F, CHO, CN, BH2, NO (four isomers), NO2 (planar and perpendicular conformations), and CH2+) yielded the following conclusions: (1) as was found earlier experimentally, an increase of the shorter CN2 bond lengths is associated linearly with a decrease of the longer CN1 bond; (2) the difference of both CN distances (Δ CN) is related linearly to the Mulliken π-electron charge density at amino nitrogen (N1); (3) a decrease of Mulliken π-charge density (Δ qπ) at N1 is linearly related to a corresponding increase of Δ qπ at N2. The scatter and a slope of –0.54 indicate a mixed mechanism of interaction between NH2 and the substituents at amino nitrogen composed of n-π-conjugation and through conjugation; (4) an increase of σ-charge density at H2 is correlated with an increase of N1 – H2 bond lengths. As a result of interaction between the lone pair at N2 and the cis-bond of the nitro substituent this bond is calculated to be significantly shorter than the other one by 0.042 A. The same effect is calculated for the E-isomer of C-nitro substituted formamidine (Δ = 0.037 A) in contrast to the corresponding Z-isomer (Δ = 0.004 Å). A selection of experimental X-ray determinations of nitro-substituted compounds confirm this effect.

A Primer for Deterministic Thermodynamics and Cryodynamics

The basic laws of deterministic many-body systems are summarized in the footsteps of the deterministic approach pioneered by Yakov Sinai . Two fundamental cases, repulsive and attractive, are distinguished. To facilitate comparison, long-range potentials are assumed both in the repulsive case and in the new attractive case. In Part I, thermodynamics —including the thermodynamics of irreversible processes along with chemical and biological evolution—is presented without paying special attention to the ad hoc constraint of long-range repulsion. In Part II, the recently established new fundamental discipline of cryodynamics, based on long-range attraction, is described in a parallel format. In Part III finally, the combination (“dilute hot-plasma dynamics”) is described as a composite third sister discipline with its still largely unknown properties. The latter include the prediction of a paradoxical “double-temperature equilibrium” or at least quasi-equilibrium existing, which has a promising technological application in the proposed interactive local control of hot-plasma fusion reactors. The discussion section puts everything into a larger perspective which even touches on cosmology.

Is Autism Monocausal

background. An intuitive description of the sudden transition of an autonomous optimizer with cognition into an “other-centered” mode of functioning is offered. This “bifurcation” is highly nontrivial. It presupposes a specific rewardability of the individual by the displayed joyfulness of the interaction partner. This is the case if the momentarily experienced reward on the one side, displayed, causes an even larger reward on the other side and vice versa. Secondly, the presence of mirror-competence in both individuals enables a positive feedback to occur across all possible rewards on either side. This type of cross coupling then leads to the occurrence of an event of “seeing with the eyes of the other.” The event can be called “personogenesis” because only persons can see in this fashion. This model entails the prediction that a functional “smile blindness” prevents personogenesis. It not only explains deep autism, but also enables a causal therapy: A deliberate “acoustic smile,” if expressed by the care-giving bonding partner whenever momentarily delighted in the interaction, predictably suffices. The proposed therapy is so simple that it can be offered by non-medical professionals and ordinary parents. The litmus test that the method works consists in the implied prediction that the same “personogenetic therapy” can be extended to other mirror-competent bonding animals.