Franklin Galvão

Alteração na estrutura diamétrica de uma floresta ombrófila mista no período entre 1979 e 2000

Com o objetivo de estudar as alteracoes na estrutura diametrica ocorridas numa Floresta Ombrofila Mista localizada na Estacao Experimental da Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR) (Sao Joao do Triunfo, PR), nove parcelas, totalizando nove hectares avaliados inicialmente em 1979, foram recuperadas e remedidas em 2000. Em 1979, todos os individuos arboreos com DAP igual ou superior a 20 cm foram identificados e numerados e tiveram seus diâmetros medidos. Em 2000, usando os mesmos criterios de inclusao, os individuos que nao haviam sido computados em 1979 foram considerados como ingressos e os nao encontrados, como mortos. Em 1979, nos nove hectares estudados foram encontrados 2.133 individuos e 51 especies; em 2000, 2.202 individuos e 55 especies. A floresta apresentou uma mortalidade de 513 individuos (24,05%) e um ingresso de 591 outros (27,71%), o que representa um aumento liquido de 3,66% no numero de individuos, no periodo analisado. A distribuicao diametrica do conjunto de especies apresentou a forma decrescente, do tipo J-invertido, nas duas avaliacoes, entretanto a frequencia de individuos nas classes diametricas superiores (acima de 50 cm) aumentou significativamente em 2000. Matayba elaeagnoides e Ocotea porosa diferiram das demais especies, sendo as unicas a nao apresentar distribuicao diametrica na forma de J-invertido. Em 1979, Araucaria angustifolia tinha 11,66% de seus individuos localizados nas classes diametricas acima dos 50 cm, e as folhosas apenas 6,37%. Em 2000, 25,42% dos individuos de A. angustifolia estavam em classes acima dos 50 cm, enquanto 8,99% das folhosas ocupavam a mesma posicao. Entre as parcelas, houve variacoes, algumas aumentaram o numero de individuos (1, 6, 7, 21 e 22) e outras diminuiram (10, 17, 18, 30). O estudo indicou tambem que a permanencia da especie na futura estrutura da floresta nao e garantida pela grande quantidade de individuos nas classes de diâmetros menores, mas sim pela capacidade de competicao que a especie apresenta.

Fitossociologia do sub-bosque de uma Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial,no município de Araucária, PR

This research is part of the work of the Barigui river’s floodplain forest (Barddal, 2002) and analyse the floristic and structure of the community’s understory, composed of shrub-arboreal individuals with perimeter at breast height (PBH) lower than 15 cm and up to 1,30 m height. Correlation of phytosociological parameters with the physiography, previously investigated, was also studied. Twenty plots of 25 m² were used, where the botanical species, height and diameter at base height (DBH) of each individual were evaluated. Among the 39 species found the most important was Allophylus edulis (A.St.-Hil., Cambess. e A. Juss.) Radkl. (vacum), that showed the largest parametric values and plasticity to ground water regime. It was inferred that possibly, artificial drainage was promoting the access of moderated and weakly tolerant flood species in these areas, originally composed of very specific flora.

Floresta Ombrófila Densa Altomontana: aspectos florísticos e estruturais de diferentes trechos na Serra do Mar, PR.

The floristic and the structure of the Upper Montane Rain Forest, on five different mountains, along Serra do Mar, PR, were evaluated. Primary fragments, always above 1.250 m above sea level, were measured, with 10 rectangular samples (5 x 10m) (GBH > 10 cm) for each site. There were registered 55 species (36 gen., 24 fam.). Including other author’s data, it was possible to reveal that Ilex microdonta is the most important species, followed by Drimys brasiliensis, Ocotea catharinensis, Blepharocalyx salicifolius and Gordonia fruticosa . It was observed the high arborous density, with more than 4.490 trees per hectare, which configures a single stratum, and medium height of 4 m. On cluster analysis the best results were obtained by using the Importance Value. The minor stand similarity was registered among the sites on “morro do Aracatuba” (1.610 m) and “morro do Vigia” (1.280 m), indicating that the altitude factor has a powerful influence on this aspect. Although the Jaccard´s index for all the sites revealed that despite of the structure significant differences, in relation to the floristic all of these were considered similar.

Prokaryotic communities of acidic peatlands from the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The acidic peatlands of southern Brazil are ecosystems essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Forest, one of the 25 hot-spots of biodiversity in the world. In this work, we investigated the composition of prokaryotic communities in four histosols of three acidic peatland regions by constructing small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene libraries and sequencing. SSU rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the prevalence of Acidobacteria (38.8%) and Proteobacteria (27.4%) of the Bacteria domain and Miscellaneous (58%) and Terrestrial (24%) groups of Crenarchaeota of the Archaea domain. As observed in other ecosystems, archaeal communities showed lower richness than bacterial communities. We also found a limited number of Euryarchaeota and of known methanotrophic bacteria in the clone libraries.

Flora epifítica vascular em três unidades vegetacionais do Rio Tibagi, Paraná, Brasil

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composicao floristica dos epifitos vasculares ao longo do rio Tibagi, Parana, em 23 areas distribuidas em distintas altitudes, tipos climaticos e unidades vegetacionais. Foram analisadas as caracteristicas ecologicas e a distribuicao das especies ao longo do gradiente estabelecido de montante para jusante do rio. Os epifitos vasculares foram representados por 188 especies, pertencentes principalmente as familias Orchidaceae, Polypodiaceae e Bromeliaceae e ao grupo dos holoepifitos caracteristicos. As comunidades epifiticas do rio Tibagi foram enquadradas, de montante para jusante do rio, em duas unidades vegetacionais, floresta ombrofila mista e floresta estacional semidecidual, e na transicao entre ambas, o ecotono. Estas apresentam distintas riquezas e composicoes floristicas, o que ressalta sua importância na conservacao e manutencao da diversidade de epifitos no estado do Parana. A vegetacao do ecotono, situada na porcao intermediaria do rio, apresentou maior riqueza epifitica, o que se deve, provavelmente, ao contato entre as unidades vegetacionais, ao bom estado de conservacao das florestas e a presenca de corredeiras e cachoeiras.

Florística e Fitossociologia de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Reserva Privada Osununú-Misiones, Argentina

This survey was conducted in a fragment of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (Misiones, Argentina) in order to analyze the phytosociological variable of tree species by means of area stratification according to geomorphology. Initially, based on the slope and through photointerpretation, the area was compartmentalized in lowland, hillsides with intermediate slopes and high slopes, and highlands. Within each compartment, three plots composed of four 100 m2 sub-units were allocated; totaling 48 sub-units, where all trees with circumference at breast height ≥ 10 cm were included, and soil depth and slope were measured. Sampling comprised 72 species, 59 genera, and 31 families. Variations were detected regarding species and importance values obtained according to the topographic gradient. In the Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the coverage values of species showed significant correlation with the parameters of soil depth and slope.

Florística e Fitossociologia de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Reserva Privada Osununú-Misiones, Argentina / Floristic and Phytosociology in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest - Osununú Private Reserve, Misiones, Argentina

This survey was conducted in a fragment of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (Misiones, Argentina) in order to analyze the phytosociological variable of tree species by means of area stratification according to geomorphology. Initially, based on the slope and through photointerpretation, the area was compartmentalized in lowland, hillsides with intermediate slopes and high slopes, and highlands. Within each compartment, three plots composed of four 100 m2 sub-units were allocated; totaling 48 sub-units, where all trees with circumference at breast height ≥ 10 cm were included, and soil depth and slope were measured. Sampling comprised 72 species, 59 genera, and 31 families. Variations were detected regarding species and importance values obtained according to the topographic gradient. In the Canonical Correspondence Analysis, the coverage values of species showed significant correlation with the parameters of soil depth and slope.

Estructura de las principales especies arbóreas en el parque cruce caballero y su similitud floristica con areas de Argentina y de Brasil.

The present work aimed to study the fitossociologic structure and floristic similarity among seasonal and mixed forests of Argentina and Brazil. Cruce Caballero Park with 522 hectares where the method of multiple plots was adopted with (20 x 10 m). In each plot all individual tree of size equal or heigher than 5 cm diameter were registered, being measured the stem diameter and height into three environmental compartments, Haplorthox, Ustorthent and Udorthent. In Haplorthox, Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze prevail at higher stratum and Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C.Burger, Lanj. & Boer , Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart., Ocotea lancifolia Mez and Apuleia leiocarpa J.F.Macbr. follow it. In Ustorthent araucaria is absent and Gymnanthes concolor Mull.Arg. , Trichilia claussenii C.DC. , Apuleia leiocarpa, Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lem. and Sorocea bonplandii prevail. Aracuaria is scarce in Udorthent where Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan , Alchornea triplinervia Mull.Arg., Luehea divaricata Mart. , Erythrina falcata Benth. and Myrsine gardneriana A.DC. prevail. A comparative analysis shown Cruce Caballero more similar to seasonal forests than mixed araucaria forest from Brazil.

Seasonal changes in dominant bacterial taxa from acidic peatlands of the Atlantic Rain Forest.

The acidic peatlands of southern Brazil are essential for maintenance of the Atlantic Rain Forest, one of the 25 hot-spots of biodiversity in the world. While these ecosystems are closely linked to conservation issues, their microbial community ecology and composition remain unknown. In this work, histosol samples were collected from three acidic peatland regions during dry and rainy seasons and their chemical and microbial characteristics were evaluated. Culturing and culture-independent approaches based on SSU rRNA gene pyrosequencing were used to survey the bacterial community and to identify environmental factors affecting the biodiversity and microbial metabolic potential of the Brazilian peatlands. All acidic peatlands were dominated by the Acidobacteria phylum (56-22%) followed by Proteobacteria (28-12%). The OTU richness of these phyla and the abundance of their Gp1, Gp2, Gp3, Gp13, Rhodospirillales and Caulobacteriales members varied according to the period of collection and significantly correlated with the rainy season. However, despite changes in acidobacterial and proteobacterial communities, rainfall did not affect the microbial metabolic potential of the southern Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest peatlands, as judged by the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community.

Fenologia Vegetativa e Crescimento de Cedrela fissilis na Floresta Atlântica, Paraná, Brasil

A fenologia, o incremento em circunferencia do tronco e a atividade cambial de individuos de Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) foram observados mensalmente em duas tipologias de Floresta Ombrofila (Densa e Mista) na Floresta Atlântica, Estado do Parana, Brasil. As observacoes se deram por meio do metodo de indice de atividade, leitura de incremento em circunferencia do tronco com o uso de dendrometros permanentes e amostragens periodicas de tecido cambial de 24 arvores da especie. O ritmo de incremento observado e sazonal, iniciando-se apos a expansao total do limbo e interrompendo-se quando as folhas maduras estao em senescencia adiantada e/ou em sua ausencia. Analises estatisticas mostraram relacoes significativas entre incremento, variaveis climaticas e fenologia. A especie apresenta formacao de aneis anuais de crescimento, sendo observadas flutuacoes anatomicas intra-anuais. Os resultados indicam que a fenologia vegetativa dos individuos parece ser influenciada mais fortemente pelo fotoperiodo e temperatura do que pela precipitacao.