Yoshiko Saito Kuniyoshi

Germinação de sementes de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (H.B.K.) Berg. em diferentes substratos e condições de temperaturas, luz e umidade

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influencia de diferentes temperaturas (20oC, 25oC, 30oC e 35oC), substratos (rolo de papel, papel-toalha, areia e vermiculita), condicoes de luz (ausencia e presenca) e umidade (substratos pouco umido, umido, muito umido e encharcado) sobre a germinacao de sementes de Blepharocalyx salicifolius. Os melhores resultados sao obtidos com os substratos papel toalha, vermiculita e areia, nas temperaturas 20oC e 25oC, e com o substrato rolo de papel na temperatura 30oC. As sementes germinam tanto na presenca como na ausencia de luz, bem como em substrato umido, muito umido e encharcado, nas temperaturas 20oC e 25oC.

Caracterização morfolóica de frutos e sementes de cataia (Drimys brasiliensis Miers. - Winteraceae)

The aim of this research was to characterize morphologically internal and external structures of Drimys brasiliensis Miers fruits and seeds. In order to describe the fruits, internal and external details related to texture, consistency, pilosity, brightness, shape and number of seeds per fruit were observed. Shedding was observed as well. Some external aspects of the seeds were analyzed including size, color, texture, consistency, shape, hilum and micropyle position. The following internal characteristics were observed the presence or absence of endosperm and cotyledon, embryo axes and plumule type, shape and color. The heart, torpedo and mature stages were identified during embryo development. The fruits of D. brasiliensis are multiple, free, constituted by five little fruits, indehiscence and polispermic. The seeds are kedney form and they have great amount of endosperm, and they present dormancy for embryonic immaturity.

Morphological characterization of the fruit, the seed and seedling development of Blepharocalyx salicifolius (HBK) Berg. and Myrceugenia gertii Landrum - Myrtaceae

O objetivo neste trabalho foi caracterizar morfologicamente os frutos, as sementes e o desenvolvimento da plântula de Blepharocalyx salicifolius e Myrceugenia gertii. Para descrever os frutos e sementes foram utilizadas 100 unidades e para a descricao do desenvolvimento da plântula foram colocadas para germinar 100 sementes em substrato papel toalha, a temperatura de 25 oC e 50 sementes em substrato vermiculita. Os frutos de B. salicifolius e M. gertii sao carnosos e indeiscentes do tipo bacoide. As sementes de B. salicifolius possuem forma de espiral, coloracao castanha semitransparente, nao possuem endosperma e o embriao e do tipo pimentoide. As sementes de M. gertii sao ovaladas, de coloracao castanha semitransparente, comprimidas lateralmente, o endosperma e mucilaginoso e o embriao e do tipo mircioide. A germinacao de ambas e epigea fanerocotiledonar.

Fruit and seed morphology and morpho-anatomy of seedlings of Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke (Lamiaceae)

Vitex megapotamica (taruma) e especie arborea, decidua, com ocorrencia, no Brasil, desde Minas Gerais ate o Rio Grande do Sul. Visando a caracterizacao morfologica do fruto, da semente e morfo-anatomica da plântula, frutos desta especie foram coletados e as sementes postas para germinar em laboratorio. As plântulas foram coletadas desde a protrusao da raiz ate o desenvolvimento do primeiro par de eofilo. Foram realizadas medicoes e pesagem de frutos, e contagem do numero de sementes por frutos. As caracteristicas morfologicas do fruto e da semente sao aqui descritas e ilustradas, assim como a morfo-anatomia da plântula. O fruto e drupoide, nuculânio, tetralocular, contendo apenas uma ou duas sementes com fina camada de endosperma e embriao axial, foliaceo. O diasporo (pirenio) e constituido pelo endocarpo mais a semente. O endocarpo lenhoso parece exercer restricao sobre a germinacao das sementes desta especie. A plântula e epigea, fanerocotiledonar, com paracotiledones elipticos, com margem inteira, e eofilos opostos, simples, elipticos, com margem serreada, apresentando tricomas tectores. Tanto o paracotiledone quanto o eofilo apresentam mesofilo heterogeneo, dorsiventral, feixe colateral em forma de arco e estomatos anomociticos. A raiz e poliarca, com cortex parenquimatico; o hipocotilo possui tricomas glandulares e nao-glandulares, colo distinto, e com cerca de 20 dias encontra-se em inicio de crescimento secundario. Diversas das caracteristicas da plântula de Vitex megapotamica estao relacionadas a sua condicao de especie heliofila.

Detecção, transmissão e patogenicidade de fungos em sementes de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (H.B.K.) Berg.

The objective of this study was to identify the fungi associated with the fruit and seeds of Blepharocalyx salicifolius and verify their transmission and pathogenicity to seeds and seedlings. Fungal identification on seeds was made using the blotter test and potato-dextrose- agar but only the blotter test was used for fruit. Fungal transmission to seedlings was evaluated using four replications of 50 seeds planted in vermiculite. The pathogenicity of the fungi, Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Cladosporium sp. Pestalotia sp. and Macrophomina sp. was tested. Potentially pathogenic and saprophytic fungi were found on the fruits and seeds. The transmission of Cladosporium sp. from seeds to seedlings was verified, and Cladosporium sp. Pestalotia sp. and Macrophomina sp. were found to be pathogenic to B. salicifolius seedlings.

Morphological characterization of fruits, seeds and germination of Allophylus edulis (St.- Hil.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae)

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar morfologicamente as estruturas externa e interna dos frutos e das sementes, alem de descrever e ilustrar a morfologia externa da plântula de Allophylus edulis (St.-Hil.) Radlk.. Para a descricao dos frutos foram observados detalhes externos e internos do pericarpo, referentes a textura, consistencia, cor, pilosidade, brilho, forma, numero de sementes por fruto e deiscencia. Para as sementes foram analisadas as seguintes variaveis externas: dimensoes, cor, textura, consistencia, forma e posicao do hilo e da micropila. Para as caracteristicas internas, verificou-se presenca ou ausencia de endosperma, o tipo, a forma, a cor, a posicao dos cotiledones, o eixo-hipocotilo-radicula e plumula. A germinacao foi considerada desde a emissao da radicula ate a emissao dos protofilos e a plântula foi considerada estabelecida quando os protofilos ja estavam totalmente expandidos. Os frutos de Allophylus edulis sao do tipo coca, globosa, indeiscentes e monospermicos. As sementes sao ovoides, sem endosperma e o embriao ocupa toda a semente, mais ou menos encurvado e levemente comprimido. A germinacao das sementes tem inicio ao oitavo dia e pode ser encerrada no decimo quinto dia, apos a semeadura.

Estimates of population and demographic parameters of Ozotoceros bezoarticus (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) in Piraí do Sul, Paraná, southern Brazil

This study was conducted in two private properties in the municipality of Pirai do Sul (Parana state, southern Brazil). Sixteen monthly visits were made each one lasting three days between February 2001 and May 2002. The study aimed at the observation of pampas deer biology (Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758), and the evaluation of main impacts to this population. We computed 1,065 observations of estimated 71.45 individuals. The average size of the groups was 2.29 (SD ± 0.55) animals, and the sexual ratio was 0.83. Isolated deer accounted for 40% of the observations, whereas the largest group comprised 10 individuals. It was recorded a peack period of births between September and November, although births were observed along all the studied period. Thirty-four deaths were recorded corresponding to a 47.6% death rate. The main causes of death were predatory actions by cougar Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771), hunting and individuals being run over by motor vehicles. The studied population is seriously endangered and it will not escape extinction unless certain policies to guarantee its conservation are adopted. These policies should include correct management of the areas and control of pressure vectors.

Caracterização morfológica de fruto, semente e plântula de Psidium rufum DC. (Myrtaceae)

The objective of this study was to describe and illustrate the morphology of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Psidium rufum DC. in order to assist diff erent disciplines, such as taxonomy and forestry. The species is a fruit that is not cultivated, but has great ecological potential. For structure characterization and germination stage descriptions, 100 units of random fruits and seeds of Curitiba and Ponta Grossa, Parana were used. P. rufum fruit is smooth, shiny, hairless, with a red-purple color when ripe, so globosa, fl eshy and indehiscent type bacoide. The seeds are campylotropous, reniform, with smooth, opaque and stony seed coat, and presented a possible endospermatic tissue and linseed in cream coloring. The embryo is of the pimentoide type and germination is epigeous phanerocotyledonal, starting on day 15 and extending to day 37. The morphological characteristics presented are useful in helping identify P. rufum.

Wood anatomy of Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) Smith & Downs (Euphorbiaceae): functional and ecological aspects

Sebastiania commersoniana is a very common tree species in alluvial environments with diverse soil conditions due to its plasticity and ability to tolerate periods of flooding. In this study we sampled 21 adult individuals of this species on the Iguacu River plain, for wood anatomy characterization and interpretation using a functional approach. S. commersoniana has diffuse porous, solitary vessels and multiples of two to six, radially arranged with simple perforation plates; low vessel frequency (12-16-20/mm2), with diameter of 54-88-117 µm, and vessel elements 164-602-1025 µm in length. The fibers are 656-1222-2050 µm in length, 10-26-42 µm wide, the walls are 1.0-2.8-5.1 µm thick. Fibers with a gelatinous layer are common. Apotracheal parenchyma diffusein-aggregates is found, while paratracheal parenchyma is scanty. Rays are uniseriate, 164-805-2787 µm tall and 12-22-35 µm wide. Perforated ray cells are frequent, as well as scar tissue containing starch grains. Starch also occurs in the radial and axial parenchyma. This species develops tension-wood in inclined trees. Most of the features observed coincide with available descriptions of the genus and family to which the species belongs. Some qualitative features are discussed on the base of possible roles and implications for species autoecology.