Fred C. White

Optimal Expenditures for Agricultural Research and Extension: Implications of Underfunding

Significant increases in agricultural productivity will be needed for the United States to meet its future food policy goals related to an abundant and stable food supply. The nations ability to meet this challenge will depend on the level of investment in agricultural research and extension. Each dollar of underfunding relative to the economically efficient level of research and extension expenditures (a) will cost the government

Estimation of molecular weight by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using heat stable fluorophors

2.56 (

Optimal School District Size Emphasizing Rural Areas

1.50 discounted) if it later makes up for the low investment level or (b) will cost consumers

Market Effects of Cotton Integrated Pest Management

4.39 (

Multiple Policy Goals in a Trade Model with Explicit Factor Markets

3.07 discounted) if the government does not make up for the low level of investment.

An analysis of competing agricultural land uses.

Abstract The utilization of 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF) as a fluorescent label for proteins in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophresis is described. The procedure is very sensitive and detects disks containing as little as 1 ng of protein. The fluorescence signal is linear with concentration of protein to 500 ng. Emphasis is placed on the use of MDPF-labeled proteins as standards for the estimation of molecular weights of fluorescamine-labeled proteins. Data are provided which demonstrate the need for only three standard proteins in the molecular weight curve. Finally, the relative mobilities of proteins from nonreplicate determinations exhibited an average variation of only 3.9%.

THE RESPONSIVENESS OF U.S. CORN AND SOYBEAN ACREAGES TO CONDITIONAL PRICE EXPECTATIONS: AN APPLICATION TO THE 1985 FARM BILL

Cost of providing elementary and secondary education is estimated for rural areas of Oklahoma. Unit cost curves are derived for instruction, admministration, plant operation and maintenance, buildings, equipment, and transportation. Optimal school district size, derived by combining these unit cost curves, varied by educational program and student density.

ESTIMATING EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION EXPENDITURES ON PRODUCTIVITY: A TRANSLOG PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH

Widely reported research results indicate that cotton integrated pest management (IPM) generally reduces chemical use and increases net returns. Despite these favorable research results, many farmers have not adopted IPM and others have adopted only some of the available technologies. Given rising marginal costs and diminishing marginal benefits from IPM technology transfer, an optimal control framework is developed to identify optimal rates of technology transfer through educational programs. Results from an analysis of this dynamic adoption process for cotton IPM are presented. Considering the complex and evolving nature of cotton IPM, continuing educational efforts to transfer IPM technologies are warranted.

Internal economics of rural elementary and secondary schooling

As trade protectionism has been reduced through multilateral agreements, concerns have been raised about competitiveness effects of cross-country differences in environmental and labor standards. Costs associated with decreased competitiveness are distributed across consumers and the various providers of inputs used in the production of affected commodities. In this paper we present a trade model which can be used to help quantify the magnitude and distribution of costs associated with changes in input regulations. The model can also be used to identify levels of policies required to offset or redistribute costs associated with regulations which reduce international competitiveness. Copyright 1996, Oxford University Press.

Business cycles and state governmental finances: Implications for higher education

Several alternative government programs use can be called the land rent profile. Land have been used in the past to achieve policy rent profiles for two alternative uses are objectives related to the levels of crop acreage depicted by curves A and B in Figure 1. and net farm income. Important questions remain relating to the effectiveness of past pro- FIGURE 1. A FRAMEWORK FOR THE grams in achieving selected policy objectives. ALLOCATION OF LAND In particular, what is the relative effectiveness Lcd AMONG COMPETING USES of long-term versus short-term acreage diversion programs? One of the major impacts of government diversion programs is in the allocation of land among competing uses. Several studies (Brandow and Learn; Christensen and Aines; Hathaway) indicate that the use of acreage control on single crops rather than on all crops results in less than proportionate reduction in output from a given reduction in acreage. However, only limited information is available on the interrelationships among major competing uses of crop, pasture, and privately owned forest acreage. Studies of these