Frédéric Loko

Health-risk market garden production linked to heavy metals in irrigation water in Benin

Heavy metals in the Benin market garden products: is irrigation water the first factor in question, and what is the level of health risk linked to the consumption of these vegetables? Such are the essential problems that this survey attempts to solve. Comparison of the level of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution shows that all the vegetables taken from three market sites are differently contaminated, as well as their irrigation water and the soil. But establishing that water is the first factor responsible for the presence of heavy metals in market garden products is not so obvious. Otherwise, the health risk assessment revealed that the total daily exposure dose (DED) of Cd, namely 8.05μg/kg/day, is high compared to the daily dose defined by the WHO, which is 1μg/kg/day. Also, the ensuing quotient of danger (QD) is 8.05; such a value poses public health risks for the consumer.

Evaluation of the phytochemical and hemostatic potential of Jatropha multifida sap

Summary of specific reactions of the activeplant. Classes of active substance Specific reagent and reaction Alkaloids Mayer → yellowish precipitate Quinone derivatives Born-Trager → purplish red color Cathetic and gallic tannins -Reagent of Stiasny → pink precipitate -Saturation by acetate of Na+ FeCl 3 → blue-dark green or black Flavonoids Shinoda → orange color, red or purple Cyanogenic derived Guignard (picric acide) → brown coloration Steroids and triterpenoids -Libermann-Burchard → violet-blue or green -Kedde → reddish purple or red wine Saponins Determination of the foam index (MI): positive test if MI >100 Anthocyanins Red coloration of the filtrate increased in acid medium and blue-violet in alkaline medium Leuco-anthocyanins Chloridric alcohol → cherry red color Mucilages Absolute alcohol → flocculent precipitate Reducing compounds Fehlings hot → brick-red precipitate Coumarins Ammonia 25% → intense fluorescence Anthracene derivatives Ammonia 50% → intense red color

Impact of Simultaneous Exposure to Lead and Efavirenz on Some Biochemical Markers in Wistar Rats

Chronic exposure to heavy metals including lead remains a serious problem for humanity. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of co-exposure to lead (Pb) and Efavirenz (EFV) on some biochemical parameters in blood. Twenty eight Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups respectively orally fed with lead acetate at 10 mg/kg (GPb), EFV at 20 mg/kg (GEfv), both xenobiotics (GPb+Efv), and distilled water (GCtrl). On Day 0 and Day 28, the blood of each animal was collected and biochemical assays were conducted. Data were processed with SPSS 16.0. The results showed a significant decrease in total proteinemia, albuminemia, serum calcium and iron as well as a significant increase in blood urea and uric acid in group exposed to lead. The aforementioned changes were more pronounced in group GPb+Efv. Besides, significant increases in total cholesterolemia were observed in GEfv and GPb+Efv. In contrast, changes in blood glucose and triglycerides were not significant. In conclusion, this study highlights a real problem of public health, in the light of thousands of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and who are unintentionally exposed to heavy metals.

SAFETY OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF COCOS NUCIFERA ROOT EXTRACT.

1083 Cocos nucifera is a tropical coastal plant. The ethyl acetate fraction of its aqueous root extract stimulates erythropoiesis. This work aimed to evaluate the biological tolerance of this fraction. The extract fraction was administered to Wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg / kg body weight for Acute Oral Toxicity (OAT) or in daily doses of 200 mg / kg body weight for 28 days for Sub-Chronic Toxicity. (SCT), as recommended by the OECD. On day 0, then on day 14 for OAT and day 28 for SCT, the rats were weighed and their blood was collected for tests. The liver balance was assessed by measuring transaminases AST and ALT, kidney balance by uremia and creatinine level and immune status by blood leukocyte count. These analyzes were supplemented by the histology of the liver, kidneys and spleen, an immune organ. The weight of rats, the balance of liver, kidney and immunity as well as these organs histology were not affected by either acute oral or sub-chronic toxicity tests, suggesting a lack of toxicity in the extract fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction of the root water extract of Cocos nucifera did not reveal any acute or sub-chronic oral toxicity. This effect could be related to its richness in flavonoids that are antioxidants. The study of biological tolerance deserves to be continued by the chronic toxicity test and clinical trials. Journal Homepage: www.journalijar.com