Tamègnon Victorien Dougnon

Evaluation of the phytochemical and hemostatic potential of Jatropha multifida sap

Summary of specific reactions of the activeplant. Classes of active substance Specific reagent and reaction Alkaloids Mayer → yellowish precipitate Quinone derivatives Born-Trager → purplish red color Cathetic and gallic tannins -Reagent of Stiasny → pink precipitate -Saturation by acetate of Na+ FeCl 3 → blue-dark green or black Flavonoids Shinoda → orange color, red or purple Cyanogenic derived Guignard (picric acide) → brown coloration Steroids and triterpenoids -Libermann-Burchard → violet-blue or green -Kedde → reddish purple or red wine Saponins Determination of the foam index (MI): positive test if MI >100 Anthocyanins Red coloration of the filtrate increased in acid medium and blue-violet in alkaline medium Leuco-anthocyanins Chloridric alcohol → cherry red color Mucilages Absolute alcohol → flocculent precipitate Reducing compounds Fehlings hot → brick-red precipitate Coumarins Ammonia 25% → intense fluorescence Anthracene derivatives Ammonia 50% → intense red color

Traditional treatment of human and animal salmonelloses in Southern Benin: Knowledge of farmers and traditherapists.

Aim:: This study aimed to report medicinal plants that are likely to be used in the control of salmonellosis. Materials and Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Southern Benin. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 150 farmers and 100 traditional therapists in seven high municipalities. This step helped to collect plants that are used in the treatment of animal salmonellosis and typhoid fever in human. Results:: The results revealed a low level of use of medicinal plants among breeders who prefer antibiotics such as oxytetracycline (53.55%), tylosine + sulfadimerazine (15.30%), and alphaceryl (19.13%). However, plants such as Moringa oleifera (leaves), Carica papaya (leaves and seeds), and Vernonia amygdalina (leaves) were mostly used by some farmers. From traditional therapists, 57 plant species of 32 families were identified as typhoid fever cures; among which Leguminosae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were predominant. Persea americana (22.72%), V. amygdalina (7.57%), and Corchorus olitorius (7.57%) were the most cited by traditherapists for the treatment of typhoid fever in human. Conclusion:: This study provides a database for further studies on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Benin plant species on Salmonella spp. These evaluations will guarantee the availability of new therapeutic solutions for populations.

Epidemiological Survey of Rotaviruses Responsible for Infantile Diarrhea by the Immunomolecular Technique in Cotonou (Benin, West Africa)

Rotavirus remains the main causative agent of gastroenteritis in young children, in countries that have not yet introduced the vaccine. Benin, in order to implement the WHO recommendations, projects to introduce the rotavirus vaccine in 2018 as part of its Expanded Program on Immunization. But before the introduction of this vaccine, epidemiological data on rotavirus infections and rotavirus genotypes circulating in Benin should be available. The aim of this study is to generate epidemiological data on infantile rotavirus diarrhea in Benin. In order to determine the epidemiological characteristics and electrophoretypes of rotavirus responsible for gastroenteritis in diarrheic children aged 0 to 5 years, 186 stool samples were collected according to the WHO Rotavirus Laboratory Manual from March 2014 to February 2015 at Suru-Lere University Hospital Center. Detection of rotavirus antigen was performed by the ELISA test, followed by molecular characterization using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 186 stool samples were analyzed for rotavirus, and seventy-three (39.2%) were found to be positive for rotavirus antigen by ELISA. Children aged 3 to 24 months were the most affected by rotavirus diarrhea in this study. Of the seventy-three children affected with rotavirus diarrhea, 27 (37%) had vomiting accompanied by dehydration and fever. Results based on electrophoresis showed that, among the 73 samples tested, 38 yielded typical rotavirus electrophoretic migration profiles.

Review on the Problematic of Salmonellosis and Interests of Traditional Herbs inthe Treatment

Objective: Salmonellae are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria generally 2-5 microns long by 0.5-1.5 microns wide and motile by peritrichous flagella. Salmonella spp are among the group of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly known as enteric bacteria that live in gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals. Worldwide surveillance data has demonstrated an overall increase in antibiotic resistance among nontyphoid Salmonella, although significant geographical and serotype variability exist. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis has become more than compulsory nowadays especially with the new trend of antibiotic resistance and the effectiveness of the properties of these plants. The current study aimed to assess the importance of salmonellosis in Benin and the potentialities of treatment by medicinal plants. Materials and Methods: A systematic online search was performed whereby key-words such as “Salmonellae”, “Salmonellosis Benin”, “non-typhoidal salmonellosis”, “Medicinal plants Benin” and “traditional plants Benin” were entered in PubMed database, Google Scholar and www.google.bj. Obtained articles were included based on the reliability of their source, the study area (basically Benin and Africa) and the topic. Results: Host factors predisposing to severe non-typhoidal Salmonellae infection include reduced gastric acidity, impaired cell mediated and humoral immunity, and impaired phagocytic function. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella can be associated with horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistant genes and with increased treatment failure and risk of invasive disease. Several scientists around the world have researched this matter and confirmed the antimicrobial properties of plants on bacterial infections mainly salmonellosis Conclusion: The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis has become more than compulsory nowadays especially with the new trend of antibiotic resistance and the effectiveness of the properties of these plants.