Frederico Augusto Mazzocca Lopes Rodrigues

Avaliação do potencial da polpa cítrica em provocar acidose láctica ruminal aguda em bovinos

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da polpa citrica (PC) em provocar acidose lactica ruminal aguda (ALRA), 15 bovinos com peso medio de 160 kg providos de cânula ruminal nao-adaptados a dieta contendo concentrado foram alocados aleatoriamente em tres grupos: CONTROLE animais receberam apenas a dieta basal; SACAROSE animais receberam sacarose diretamente no rumem a fim de provocar ALRA; POLPA - grupo que recebeu subitamente alta quantidade de PC no rumen (equivalente a 1,65% do peso corporal). Em varios tempos no decorrer de 24 horas, apos administracao dos substratos, foram determinados o volume globular, pH, excesso de bases (BE) e lactato total no sangue e pH e concentracao de acido lactico total no conteudo ruminal. Exame clinico foi realizado no decorrer do 1o dia e o consumo de alimento acompanhado nos proximos sete dias. A administracao de sacarose provocou um caracteristico quadro de ALRA com o desenvolvimento de acidose ruminal e sistemica, apatia, desidratacao, diarreia e taquicardia. Por outro lado, a polpa citrica produziu discreta e temporaria acidose ruminal, atingindo na 6a hora o pH ruminal mais baixo (5,35), sem provocar acidose sistemica e quadro clinico mais evidente de ALRA, com excecao de uma diminuicao temporaria na ruminacao e eliminacao de fezes semiliquidas. A regularizacao do apetite ocorreu apos dois dias no grupo com PC e sete dias no grupo com sacarose. Tais resultados indicam que a polpa citrica pode ser utilizada na alimentacao de bovinos com baixo risco de provocar ALRA.

Biópsia hepática por laparotomia paracostal em bovinos e búfalos

Liver biopsy in ruminants is an important technique for clinical diagnosis of toxic and metabolic diseases, especially mineral disorders. The most frequent procedures used so far results in an small amount of liver and not enough for multiple tests. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of paracostal laparotomy liver biopsy technique in cattle and buffalo and to follow possible changes on biochemical and hematological profiles caused by the surgery. Ten cattle and ten buffalo were used in this study. The animals were kept on their normal position and sedated with xilazin and locally infiltrated with lidocain and epinefrin. The access to abdominal cavity was carried through a right paracoastal laparotomy, ventrally to the transverse process of 2nd or 3rd lombar vertebra. A small portion of the hepatic caudal lobe (2 to 4g) was clinched by a Doyen clamp and removed. The abdominal cavity was closed as normally routine. Blood samples were taken to biochemical tests and hemogram before the procedure, and 24h, 48h, 5 and 10 days later. The technique was practical and easy to be performed (took approximately 25 minutes). The technique described here was efficient and offers low risk to animal health and provided enough amount of liver tissue for multiple tests.

Avaliação clínica do uso de solução salina hipertônica no tratamento da acidose láctica ruminal aguda em bovinos

A infusao de solucao salina hipertonica (SSH) e um importante tratamento em animais com choque hipovolemico. Bovinos com acidose lactica ruminal aguda (ALRA) frequentemente apresentam quadros de desidratacao. Este trabalho avaliou a eficiencia do tratamento da ALRA com SSH. Foram empregados 12 bovinos machos, mesticos com um ano de idade. Apos implantacao de cânula ruminal e periodo de adaptacao alimentar os animais foram submetidos a inducao de ALRA por meio de administracao de sacarose no rumen. Apos 20 horas da inducao, os animais foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos. Um deles (SSH) foi tratado na 20a h com 5 mL/kg P.V. de uma solucao de SSH (7,5 % NaCl), dentro de 15 min, e em seguida 20 mL/kg/P.V. de solucao salina isotonica (SSI), no decorrer dos proximos 165 minutos. O outro grupo (SSI) foi medicado da mesma forma, com excecao da SSH que foi substituido por 5 mL/kg PV de SSI. Cinco litros de conteudo ruminal foram retirados, sendo repostos com cinco litros de agua em ambos os grupos. Variaveis foram mensuradas no momento 0 (MO), na 20a h (M20h) e no decorrer dos tratamentos (M30, M60, M120 e M180). O uso de SSH provocou, nos primeiros 30 minutos, uma ligeira acidemia, acompanhada de discreta hipercapnia, contudo sem provocar efeitos colaterais. A infusao de SSH provocou uma queda no volume globular, confirmando a migracao de fluidos do rumen para a circulacao, corrigindo parcialmente a desidratacao. Assim, o uso de SSH e uma possibilidade de tratamento adicional da desidratacao provocada pela ALRA.

Clinical response and transfusion reactions of sheep subjected to single homologous blood transfusion.

Studies in relation to blood conservation and responses to transfusion are scarce for ruminants. We evaluated the clinical manifestations of sheep that received a single homologous transfusion of whole blood, focusing on transfusion reactions. Eighteen adult sheep were subjected to a single phlebotomy to withdraw 40% of the total blood volume, which was placed into CPDA-1 bags and then divided into G0, animals that received fresh blood, and G15 and G35, animals that received blood stored for 15 or 35 days, respectively. Clinical observations were recorded throughout the transfusion, whereas heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were assessed at the following times: 24 hours after phlebotomy and before transfusion; 30 minutes, six, twelve, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and eight and 16 days after transfusion. All groups presented transfusion reactions, among which hyperthermia was the most frequent (50% of animals). Tachycardia occurred most frequently in the G35 animals (50% of them). During transfusion G35 animals presented more clinical manifestation (P < 0.05). Transfusion of fresh or stored total blood improved the blood volume, but transfusion reactions occurred, demonstrating that a single transfusion of fresh or stored blood can cause inflammatory and febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions in sheep.

Behaviour of confined sheep fed with different concentrate sources

In this study we examined the effects of different feed concentrates on sheep behaviour. Our hypothesis was that citric pulp would stimulate rumination and be capable of replacing other concentrates traditionally used for feeding in confinement, to reduce the risk of urolithiasis. Ten adult Santa Ines sheep were distributed in a Latin square with five different diets, one control diet with 80% hay and 20% commercial feed and four diets containing 30% coast-cross hay and 70% of the following concentrates: pelleted citrus pulp, citrus pulp meal, cornmeal or wheat bran. After 21d of adaptation to each one of the five diets, the sheep were visually monitored for 24 h at 3 min intervals to record the time spent ruminating, time spent eating and time spent resting; the animals positions (standing or lying down) were also noted. Daytime was considered to be from 06:00h to 18:00h. The data were evaluated using ANOVA, with Tukey post-hoc test or throughout Two-sample T test for circadian and position assessment. Citrus pulp diets resulted in time spent ruminating similar to the control diet (601, 590 and 669 min, respectively), but greater (P<0.05) than the cornmeal group (421min), which showed that citrus pulp generated effective rumination. The estimated saliva production in the control diet (26L) was greater than in the other groups, and was greater in the citrus pulp groups (24L/d) than cornmeal (21L/d). Feeding with cornmeal led to shorter time spent eating and time spent ruminating than all other diets. The sheep had higher time spent resting at night when fed concentrates (P<0.05). For all diets, about 90% of the time spent ruminating occurred with the animals lying down. Pelleted citrus pulp, citrus pulp meal and to a lesser degree wheat bran, led to adequate time spent ruminating. The use of citrus pulp can act as a preventive management measure to reduce the incidence of urolithiasis in sheep flocks.

Comparative assessment of probiotics and monensin in the prophylaxis of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep

BackgroundAcute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA) is a major nutritional and metabolic disorder usually characterized by excessive or non-adapted intake of diets rich in nonstructural carbohydrates. Feed additives that regulate the ruminal environment have been used to prevent ARLA, such as ionophores and, more recently, yeast culture. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficacy of a yeast-based culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with that of monensin sodium in the prevention of ARLA in sheep. Eighteen male, crossbred, rumen-cannulated sheep were randomly distributed into three groups of six animals: control, yeast culture and monensin. Thirty days after the start of supplementation with yeast culture (4u2009×u2009109u2009cfu/animal/day of S. cerevisiae) and monensin (33xa0mg/kg of total dry matter intake), 15xa0g/kg BW of sucrose was administered directly into the rumen of the animals to induce ARLA. Samples of blood and ruminal fluid were collected at the following time points: at baseline (T0xa0h) immediately before the induction of ARLA; 6xa0h (T6xa0h); 12xa0h (T12xa0h); 18xa0h (T18xa0h); 24xa0h (T24xa0h); 36xa0h (T36xa0h); and 48xa0h (T48xa0h) after ARLA induction.ResultsRuminal pH was higher in monensin group at T12xa0h and in yeast culture group at T36xa0h when compared to control group. Lower values of L-Lactate were found at yeast culture group at T24xa0h and T36xa0h. Monensin showed prophylactic effect by decreasing the rate of ruminal pH decline and occasionally reducing ruminal acidosis, whereas probiotics resulted in less accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen and a lower degree of systemic acidosis.ConclusionThe use of yeast culture can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of ARLA in sheep, because it can effectively reduce the accumulation of lactic acid, and thereby increase ruminal pH and reduce ruminal osmolarity. On the other hand, monensin showed prophylactic effect by decreasing the rate of ruminal pH decline and occasionally reducing ruminal acidosis, however, it did not directly prevent these conditions.

Avaliação do quadro clínico e perfil bioquímico de bovinos durante indução e tratamento de hipocalcemia

The present work aims to study the clinical picture, biochemical profile and treatment response in cattle with induced hypocalcaemia. Were utilized 12 heifers randomly distributed in treated (n = 7) and control (n = 5) groups. The induction model was carried on by continuous EDTA infusion into jugular vein until the animals present clinical signs of hypocalcaemia. After that, the treated group received a calcium (Ca) solution enriched with phosphorus, magnesium and glucose with a dose of 1 mL/kg/BW in 30 minutes, meanwhile, the control group was treated with the same dose of physiologic solution. Clinical examination were performed and blood samples were obtained in times T0 (basal time), T1 (beginning of hypocalcaemia); T2 (end of EDTA infusion); T3 (end of treatment) and T4 (24 hours after the induction). All the heifers present temporary blood calcium and phosphorus reduction and demonstrated classical clinical picture of hypocalcaemia. The treated group present full clinical recovery and blood calcium and phosphorus increase. Most evident clinical signs were increasing heart beat, hypophonesis and rumenal atony. Those symptoms were reversed after calcium treatment. The solution used for treatment was efficient on clinical recovery within thirty minutes, promoting the return to basal levels of the most of biochemical’s variables.