Furkan Ahmad

Optimal Sizing and Analysis of Solar PV, Wind, and Energy Storage Hybrid System for Campus Microgrid

Abstract To mitigate the hazardous effect of increasing energy demand and global warming, the Renewable Energy Sources (RESs)-based smart microgrids are gaining massive attention. However, intermittency, as well as the volatile nature of RESs, make it challengeable task. To confront the wavering of voltage profile and power flow in microgrids, the Energy Storage System (ESS) and Diesel Generators are being used as a backup power supply. On national as well as international scale, a vast list of the Universities with a growing number of departments, centers, and hostels add up a mass amount of energy demand. The study of electricity consumption trend in Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) provides vital information to analyze, design, and implement a suitable solution for the deployment of the microgrid. In this work, Polygeneration based on various smart microgrid topologies in both modes of operation (i.e. grid-connected and off-grid mode) is studied. To execute the economic and feasibility analysis, HOMER® is used as simulating and optimizing tool. On the basis of minimum Net Present Cost (NPC) from the various topologies, best solution is recommended. The obtained results show that the total system cost under solar PV + Battery (PV + B) mode is 1419.6 million INR, which is approx. 64.2% higher as compared to the current existing scenario (864.2 million INR), while, the total system cost under (Grid + Solar PV) G + PV mode is 494.92 million, which is approx. 57.2 % lower as compared to the current existing scenario. The comparative study of the environmental and economic structure of proposed topology with existing one reveals that, under the proposed topology, 3.636*106 kg of CO2, 1.578*104 kg of SO2, and 7.7*103 kg of NOX will be mitigated.

A Comprehensive Review on Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging System

Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular in many countries of the world. EVs are proving more energy efficient and environmental friendly than ICEVs. But the lack of charging stations restricts the wide adoption of EVs in the world. As EV usage grows, more public spaces are installing EV charging stations. On the other hand, if EVs are charged via existing utility grid powered by fossil fuel-based generation system, then it affects the distribution system and could not be environmentally friendly. As solar has great potential to generate the electricity from PV panel, the charging of EVs from PV panels would be a great solution and also a sustainable step toward the environment. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of solar PV-EV charging systems and deployment in the world. Analytical methods were proposed to obtain information about EV charging behavior, modes of charging station operation, and geolocation of charging station users. The methodology presented here was time- and cost-effective, and very helpful to the researchers and students in this field.

A Comprehensive Review of Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

Abstract The idea of electrified transportation is envisioned to be a promising approach to alleviate the issue of climate change. However, a cost-effective commercialization and wide acceptance of electrified transportation necessitates the development of an economical, reliable, and fast charging infrastructure. The incorporation of a well-defined electric vehicle (EV) fast charging infrastructure in the smart grid can offer numerous potential opportunities, particularly from the perspective of vehicle to grid (V2G) technology as well as a solution to the renewable energy intermittency issue. This work reviews the state-of-the-art technology for fast charging of electric vehicles with a comprehensive coverage of the research work done related to the challenges and road blocks to be encountered in its implementation. A comparison of conductive and inductive charging systems is presented followed by an overview of the charging standards and a discussion on the topologies presented in the literature for fast charging stations. A detailed account is presented concerning the issues and opportunities on integration of fast charging infrastructure with grid. The economic aspects of fast charging infrastructure along with an overview of prospective areas for future research in this field are also presented.

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in India: Viability Analysis

Rising pollution is a cause of major concern for the Indian cities. Extensive reliance on IC engine-based vehicles as the principal means of transport has raised serious environmental concerns. To address the ongoing problems, there is increased emphasis on developing high-efficient, emission-free means of transport. Keeping this in view, electric and hybrid vehicles appear to be the best alternatives for replacing the conventional vehicles. But wide adoption of electric vehicles will require residential as well as public charging infrastructure analogues to petrol pumps. Level 1, Level 2, and fast EV charging stations have been installed in various countries in the world. A detailed exploration is required to develop a similar customized infrastructure for the Indian market. This work provides a detailed overview of the various technologies and viable options in terms of power quality, power electronic converter topologies, and energy management options optimally feasible in India. Recent policies and initiatives taken by the Government are also presented in this paper.

Power Exchange and Its Significance to Enhance the Deployment of Smart Microgrids in India and Key Barriers in Its Adoption

Evolution of power sector in the last decade was concomitantly sustained by formation of institutions that enhance efficiency through markets by bilateral trading which soon after 2008 through trading on power exchanges (PXs). The Electricity Act (EA) 2003 unbolted the power sector by laying down provisions for promoting competition in the power market. This paper presents a comprehensive framework of PXs-based electricity trading market (comprises of DAM, TAM, RECs, and ESCs), PXs significance in order to enhance the deployment of renewable energy sources (RESs)-based smart microgrids in Indian scenario, and key barriers in larger scale adoption. Further, to validate the significance of PXs-based market, a case study of solar PV-based smart microgrid has been executed, which reduces 40.79% net payable amount as compared to DISCOM, and 32.05% through bilateral per year.

IoT Enabled Monitoring of an Optimized Electric Vehicle’s Battery System

The rising number of distributed generation, aging of existing grid infrastructure and appeal for the transformation of networks have sparked the interest in smart grid. For the development and improvement of smart grid, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is an important enabler. Use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as dynamic electrical energy storage system in smart grid offers numerous advantages while affecting the grid and EV battery pack. To diminish the impact of mass adoption of EVs, this paper proposes an optimization model aimed at maximizing the trade revenue for EV’ aggregator for enabling the smart charging. Further, to circumvent the possibility of damage to the EV battery, real-time Battery Monitoring System (BMS) using less complex and easy to implement Enhanced Coulomb Counting Method for SoC estimation and messaging based MQTT as the communication protocol is presented. The proposed BMS is implemented on hardware platform using appropriate sensing technology, central processor, interfacing devices and the Node-RED environment. The Enhanced Coulomb counting method incorporates self-discharge, temperature dependency and degradation due to aging otherwise absent in popular Coulomb counting method.

Condition monitoring tool for electrical equipment — Thermography

Condition monitoring has become significant and inevitable for look after of electrical system, and has engrossed more and more attention globally. The no physical contact property of non-destructive condition monitoring techniques is now very significant and essential at diverse industrial process. Though, accessibility of CM methods are multiple for distinct problems such as partial discharge, thermal variation and frequency response. Operational analysis of all the characteristics for process in industries is still under progress. In this paper assessment of various problem in operation of power transformer and motors & insight on application of infrared thermograph as condition monitoring technique have been methodically conducted. IRISYS (IRI4010) thermal imaging camera is used for condition assessment of Power transformer and motors and necessary recommendations have been given based on the priority table.

Assessment of solid insulating material using Partial Discharge characteristics

In this Paper, Partial Discharge analysis is performed in cavities artificially created in Insulation. The setup is according with Cigre-II Method. Circular Samples created from Perspex Sheet with different configuration with changing number of cavities. Assessment of insulation health can be performed by Partial Discharge measurement as this has been found to be important means of condition monitoring. The experiments are done using MPD 540, which is a modern partial discharge measurement system. By analyzing the PD activity obtained for various voids/cavities, it is observed that the PD voltages show variation for cavitys diameter, depth even for its ratios. This can be employed for scrutiny of insulation system.